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1、- 1 -高中二年级英语学案Units 9-10 (B2)【知识网络】一、重点词汇与短语1stress（1）stress 作 “强调; 着重”解时是及物动词, 可以构成被动语态 . 例如:Mum stressed that Jacky should be home by ten oclock.妈妈强调, 杰基一定要在十点钟之前回家.（2）stress 作名词表示: “重音; 重读”之意时, 一般为可数名词, 可以在前面加不定冠词.,其复数形式为 stresses. 后接介词 on. 例如:The stress is on the first part of the word.这个词的重音在前半
2、部（3）stress 作名词表示 “压力; 压迫”之意时 既可为可数名词也可为不可数名词 . 例如:His vacation freed him from the stress of his job.他的假期使他消除了工作所带来的紧张（4）同义词: pressure n 压力反义词: moderate v.缓和2如何表达 “不但 而且”?英语中表达 “不但 而且” 可以用以下几种方式: not only but (also); not just but (also); not merely but as well; not only too.例如: “他不仅是一个诗人,而且是一位画家。 ”一句
3、可以有多种翻译：He is not only a poet but (also) an artist.He is not just a poet but (also) an artist.He is not merely a poet but an artist as well.He is not only a poet but an artist, too.3as if/though 好像; 似乎as if/though 是从属连词, 引导方式状语从句或表语从句, 在使用时应注意:（1）as if/though 引导的从句所表示的情况不是事实, 而且如果是主观的想象或夸大性的比喻时, 谓语动
4、词通常用虚拟语气. 例如:- 2 -The speaks English as if he were an Englishman. 他说起英语来, 好像是英国人似的The machine works as though it were operated by a man.这台机器工作起来就好像有人操作一样.（2）常与 feel, seem, look 连用, 等于连词 that, 其主语一般是 it, 如果表示的情况是事实或具有很大的可能性, 谓语动词通常用陈述语气. 例如:We have missed the bus. It looks as if we will have to walk.
5、我们没有赶上公共汽车, 看来我们得步行了.（3）后面可接现在分词, 过去分词, 不定式或形容词等短语, 这类结构实际上是一个省略从句. 例如:He cleared his throat as though to say something (=as though he were to say something).他清了清嗓子, 好像要说什么似的The woman set upon the thief as if mad (=as if she were mad)那妇女发疯似地扑向小偷.二、词义辨析1subject, theme, title 和 topic（1）subject 指 “题目;
6、课题”, 用途很广. 多指讨论, 研究的对象. 例如:“Laser processing” is the subject of the seminar.课堂讨论的题目是 “激光处理”.（2）theme “主题”, 一般指文学作品, 音乐作品等的主题. 例如:Love is a major theme of his poetry. 他的诗的一个重要主题是爱情.（3）title 多指书籍等的 “标题”, 一般用于具体印刷或发行的文学作品, 书籍, 影片等. 例如:The full title of the book is gone with the Wind.这本书的全名是飘. title 有时当
7、 “称号”讲. 例如:He deserves the title poet, labour hero, etc.他配称为诗人, 劳动英雄等（4）topic “ 题目”, 特别指谈话, 讨论. 演讲, 作文等的题目. 例如:Thats not a fit topic on the talk.这个报告的题目欠妥.- 3 -2asleep, sleeping 和 sleepy 的区别这组词的共同意思是 “睡”. 其区别是: （1）asleep 和 sleepy 主要用作表语, asleep 的意思是 “睡着的; 而 sleepy 的意思是 “想睡的”. 例如:The army attacked at
8、 night when the enemy was asleep.在夜间敌人熟睡时军队发起了攻击.The child was sleepy, his head was nodding.这孩子太困了, 他正在打盹.（2）用作定语时, asleep 和 sleeping 表示 “睡着的”; asleep 常后置, 当其前有修饰语时也可前置; sleeping 一般前置; sleepy 用作定语时意思是 “想睡的, 昏昏欲睡的”. 例如:The man asleep is much ill.睡着的那个人病得很重.Those fast asleep people were waked up by th
9、e terrible screams.熟睡着的人们都被可怕的尖叫声吵醒了.She looked at the sleeping boy.她看着那个睡着的男孩.That sleepy fellow seems to have a lot to say.那个贪睡的家伙似乎有很多话要说.三、重点句型1And if poverty is less of a problem and people are better educated, there is a good chance that we will see less violence and fewer wars. 如果贫穷的问题有所改善, 如
10、果人民能受到更好的教育, 我们身边的暴力和战争就会减少.there is a chance that是一固定句式, 意为 “有可能会”, 此时 chance 是可数名词, 作 “可能；可能性” 解.如:There is a good chance that our team will win the game.与此句式意义相同的还有:Chances are that. 如:Chances are that he has already arrived.less violence and fewer wars 更少的暴力和更少的战争, 其中的 less 修饰不可数名词, fewer 修饰复数名词
11、. 如:Id like to do the work with less money and fewer people.2Without international cooperation, developing countries cannot proper, nor will sustainable development be possible. 没有国际合作, 发展中国家就不能繁荣起来, 可持续发展也就会成为不可能.nor 引出一个分句, 分句的谓语动词要用部分倒装 , 该分句常放在一个否定句后, 意为 - 4 -“也不; 也没有 ”. 如:I dont know about it,
12、nor do I care.注 在现代英语中，nor 引出的分句也可放在一个肯定句后。3He looked more asleep than dead. 他看上去像是睡着了, 而不像是死了.morethan此处作连词使用 , 可以连接两个形容词, 意为 “是, 而不是; 与其说是, 不如说是 ”, 用以比较两种说法的正确程度, 表示前一种说法比后一种说法更正确一些.I was more angry than frightened.注 此时, “more +形容词” 不能以 “形容词加-er 后缀形式”出现. 例如不能说:I was angrier than frightened. 四、语法复习
13、(一) 倒装句倒装有两种情况: 部分倒装 (助动词提前放在主语之前)和完全倒装( 主语和谓语完全倒置).人们使用倒装句,一是为了句子的需要 ; 二是为了语法结构的需要.1全部倒装（1）here, there, now, then 等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用 be, come, go, lie, run 等表示来去或状态的动词. 如:Then came the chairman.Here is your letter.（2）表示运动方向的副词(out, in, up, down, away)开头的句子, 以示强调. 如:Out rushed the children.Away went th
14、e boy.但主语是人称代词时, 主语和谓语的语序不变. 如:Away she went.（3）介词短语作状语提前放句首, 采用全部倒装. 如:Around his neck was a brown snake.At the front of the hall sat the headmaster.2部分倒装（1）句首为否定或半否定的词, 如 no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until等. 如:Never have I seen such a performance.Not until the
15、 child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.当 not until 引出主从复合句, 主句倒装, 从句不倒装 .- 5 -注意:如否定词不在句首不倒装（2） so, neither, nor 等词放句首, 部分倒装. 如:He likes volleyball very much. So do I.I have never been abroad. Neither has he.（3） only 所修饰的副词, 介词短语或状语从句放在句首时, 部分倒装. 如:Only by changing the way we live can we s
16、ave the earth.Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.（4）在 there be 结构中There will be a basketball match this afternoon.（5）直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时, 有时也用倒装. 如:“It looks as if a typhoon is coming on,” said the captain.（6）在虚拟语气条件中, 谓语动词有 were, had, should 等词,可将 if 省略, 把 were, had, should 移到主语之前, 采用部分倒装 . 如:Were I you, I would try again.（7） as, though 引导的倒装句, 进行倒装时, 必须将表语或状语提前, 但需注意, 句首名词不带任何冠词. 如:Yo
