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1、1“动词+不定式”结构的特殊意义及其它湖南省常德芷兰实验学校 张如明一、 “动词+不定式”结构的特殊意义1、ache to do sth 渴望做某事/拥有某物I was aching to tell him the good news.我急不可待地想把好消息告诉他。2、aspire to do sth 渴望（得到或成为）I aspire to be made monitor.我渴望被选为班长。3、cant wait to do sth 迫不及待地想做某事I cant wait to see my family again!Its been a long time!4、be dying to d
2、o sth 迫不及待地想做某事/渴望做某事Were dying to get started.5、long to do sth 渴望，盼望做某事I long to see her again.6、afford to do sth 买得起；支付得起；承担得起I cant afford to buy the house.We cant afford to go on vacation this year.今年我们没有钱去度假。We simply cant afford to offend such an important customer.惹怒这样一位重要客户，我们可担当不起。7、bother/
3、trouble to do sth 麻烦；费心（常用于否定句或疑问句中）Dont trouble/bother to meet me at the station.不用麻烦到车站接我。8、fail to do sth 没有；没有能够He did well,but failed to break the record.他表现很好，但是没有打破记录。The government failed to meet the needs of the people.政府没能满足人民的需要。I fail to see/understand why you find it so amusing.我不明白你为什么
4、会觉得这很有趣。9、help(sb) to do sth 帮助；有助于This method helps to improve your English.10、come to do sth 开始做某事（尤指随着时间或经历的增长，开始对某人或某物产生某种感情或看法）2In time you may come to like it here.过段时间，你可能会喜欢上这儿的。Thats the kind of behavior weve come to expect from him.那正是我们期待他做的。Hes come to realize the importance of English s
5、tudy.他终于意识到了英语学习的重要性。11、get to see/know/understand etc 逐渐明白/知道/理解等Im sure that the kids will soon get to like each other.我相信这些孩子很快就会互相喜欢的。How did you two get to know and love each other?你们俩是如何相识相爱的？12、get to do sth 能做某事（尤指困难或不寻常的事）Since the divorce,he hardly gets to see Jenny.自从离婚之后，她就几乎见不到詹妮了。13、ha
6、ve to do sth 必须；不得不First Id have to get my fathers consent.首先，我要征得我父亲的同意。He may have to cancel his plan.他也许不得不取消他的计划。14、happen/chance to do sth 碰巧；凑巧；恰巧I happened to meet her on my way home.If you happen to meet your friend,give him these.15、hesitate to do sth 犹豫着不想做某事Dont hesitate to ask me for hel
7、p.请尽量找我帮忙好了。Dont hesitate to tell me if theres anything at all you need.如果你有什么需要，请告诉我一声。If the wound should become swollen,do not hesitate to call me.万一伤口出现肿胀，请给我打电话。16、It wont/doesnt hurt (sb) to do sth 做某事不会（对某人）有坏处It wont hurt Julia to get up early for once.偶尔早起一次不会对茱莉亚造成什么不便。The rain may hold of
8、f(下不下来),but it wont hurt to take an umbrella.17、hasten to do sth 赶紧做某事Then he hastened to add that 他赶紧补充说18、hate to do sth 不愿意；不喜欢I hate to trouble you.I hate to say it,but your service is really too poor.3我很不情愿说这件事，不过你们的服务也实在太差了。19、mean to do sth 意欲；打算 Ive been meaning to phone you all week.整整一星期以来
9、我一直打算给你打电话。I didnt mean to hurt you.我不是有意想伤害你。20、offer to do sth 主动提出做某事My friend offered to lend me a little money.The taxi driver offered to take me to the station.这位的哥主动提出送我去车站。21、promise to do sth 允诺，答应（主语是人） ；有可能；有望（主语是物）Jack promised not to be late for the wedding.This year promises to be anot
10、her one for harvests.今年有望又是一个丰收年。It promises to be fine tomorrow.明天有可能是晴天。22、It pays to do sth 值得，有利，有好处It usually pays to tell the truth;it doesnt pay to be dishonest.讲真话通常有利，而不诚实常常吃亏。It will pay to read that book.23、pretend to do sth 假装；装作Dont pretend to know what you dont know.不要不懂装懂（不要强不知以为知） 。S
11、he never pretends to be what she isnt.她从不装模作样。She pretended to be reading when her mother came in.24、serve to do sth 足以，适用，有用A simple example will serve to illustrate the point.一个简单的例子就足以说明这一点。25、tend to do sth 容易，易于；往往，总是Once you lose patience,things tend to go wrong.一旦你失去耐心，事情往往就会变得不对劲。He tends to
12、 get angry when people disagree with him.当人们不同意他的意见时，他容易生气。People tend to get fat as they grow older.随着年龄的增长，人往往容易发胖。26、threaten to do sth 威胁要做某事Every time they quarrel,Jan threatens to leave.4每次他们吵架，简就威胁要走人。27、turn out to be sb/sth 结果是；原来是；证明是；被发现是He turned out to be a pickpocket（=It turned out tha
13、t he was a pickpocket）.原来他是一个扒手。The house that they had offered us turned out to be a tiny apartment.他们给我们提供的住房原来是一个极小的公寓。28、used to do sth 过去常常，现在不再（表示今昔对比）I do not swim so often as I used to.What an ass I used to be!我过去真蠢！29、vow to do sth 发誓要做某事They vowed to love each other throughout eternity.他们发
14、誓要彼此相爱，天长地久。30、try to do sth 设法/努力/试图做某事，但多半没有成功manage to do sth 设法做成某事I tried to persuade him to change his mind,but it was in vain.我试图说服他改变主意，但毫无作用。I would have been punished,but I managed to slide out of the room without Dad seeing me.我本来会受罚的，但我设法溜出了房间，没有让老爸看见。31、phone/call to say 打电话说Write to sa
15、y 写信说He phoned to say that he is not coming tomorrow.32、would like/love/prefer to do sth 希望/想要/宁愿做某事My husband and I would love to go to Arizona.Would you like to go to Sharons birthday party next Saturday?She preferred to die rather than marry him.二、表示希望、意图和打算的动词，如hope/want/wish/intend/mean/think/p
16、lan/expect 等，用下面的两种结构表示过去的希望、意图和打算没有实现，是表达虚拟语气的一种特殊结构。1、谓语动词的过去完成时+不定式的一般式；2、谓语动词的一般过去时+不定式的完成式。例如：I had intended to speak about it,too,but time didnt permit.I intended to have spoken about it,too,but time didnt permit.我也本来打算提及此事，但时间不允许。I wanted to have called on you,butI had wanted to call on you,but5注意：在现代英语中，也可见到用这些动词的“一般过去时+不定式的一般式”的情况，例：I meant to buy a morning paper but I didnt see any newsboy a
