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1、http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ 蔬菜培育技术问题及适用性充分利用土地,保护土壤结构滴灌既不破坏土壤的团粒结构,也不影响土壤含水量和存蓄空气的毛管数,保证了土壤疏松、通气性能良好,有效地解决了因长期浇灌而造成的土壤板结问题,有利于作物根系生长发育。同时滴灌不需在地面挖筑干渠、支渠及畦埂,可以充分利用土地。适应性广,适合国情由于抗堵塞性好, 工作压力低 ,因此该滴灌系统对水源的要求低,且系统中加有简便低廉的过滤器, 还适于泥沙含量较大的水源;无论其控制面积大小,单位投资基本相同,连片及一家一户小面积使用都很方便。另外,该穿孔式滴灌带的流量大,特别适合蔬菜、花卉等需水量较大的
2、喜水作物。灌溉一次需 2h 左右,所以在目前广大农村推广使用薄壁软管滴灌技术更方便、更现实。Drip irrigation did not make full use of land, protecting the soil structure destroy the soil granular structure, also does not affect the soil moisture content and air on the number of capillary and its subsistence guarantee loose soil, ventilation perf
3、ormance is good, can effectively solve the compaction problem caused by water for a long time, is conducive to crop root growth and development. Drip irrigation does not need to dig in the ground at the same time build main canal, lateral canal, and ridges, can make full use of land. Wide adaptabili
4、ty, suitable for national conditions due to the blocking resistance is good, work stress is low, so the low requirement for water drip irrigation system, and add there is simple and cheap system http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ filters, also suitable for large sediment concentration of water; Regardless
5、of its size, control unit investment basic same, laminated plate and a one small area use is very convenient. In addition, the perforation type drip irrigation belt of large flow, especially suitable for vegetables, flowers growing xi to water crops. Irrigation time should be 2 h or so, so in the va
6、st rural thin-walled tube drip irrigation technology is more convenient, more realistic. 薄壁软管滴灌系统的组成和安装Thin-walled tube composition of drip irrigation system and installation 组成部分主要由滴灌系统、施肥滤清系统构成。其中,滴灌系统包括准40mm 薄壁软管、准 25mm 穿孔式双上孔滴灌带、塑料专用接头;施肥滤清系统包括文丘里施肥器、过滤器及与之配套的(式略)安装方法先将水源用准40mm 塑料管引至日光温室内山墙处,距地面
7、 30cm 高处安装准 40mm 阀门,连接施肥滤清系统,把薄壁软管( 主管)接在过滤器出水端。根据垄距在主管上打孔,固定好接头 ,再把比畦稍长的滴管一端接到接头上,然后平铺在垄背上、地膜下,最末端堵死。蔬菜定植后需水时,菜农只要打开阀门,水肥就自动滴渗到每株蔬菜的根际部。Part mainly consists of drip irrigation system, fertilization filtration http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ system. Among them, the drip irrigation system, including 40 m
8、m thin wall tube, quasi 25 mm perforated on the double holes drip irrigation belt, plastic special joint; Fertilization filtration system consists of a venturi fertilizer device, filter and the associated (abbreviated) using 40 mm plastic pipe installation method will first water led to gable inside
9、 solar greenhouse, 30 cm high from ground 40 mm valve installation and connection fertilization filtration system, the thin-walled tube (director) in the filter outlet ends. According to the ridge from the punch in the head, fixed joint, put a little longer than strip dropper at one end to the conne
10、ctor, then tile under the ridge back, mulch, the most closed at the end. The vegetables planting and water requirement, vegetable farmers as long as open the valve, automatic drops of water infiltration into each vegetables of rhizosphere. 日光温室黄瓜膜下滴灌与沟灌效果比较Effect of sunlight greenhouse cucumber film
11、 drip irrigation and furrow irrigation 2002 年2003 年冬春季在城区牛山村、东上庄村等村栽种黄瓜日光温室布点观察,具体记载数据整理如下。用水量比较滴灌把低压水和肥料通过滴灌系统同时直接滴在黄瓜根际,用水量明显减少。两种灌水方式水量比较(表略),据观察统计, 黄瓜生长各个阶段每个日光温室滴灌用水比沟灌节水 50%以上。对温度http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ 湿度及其病害的影响在上午阳光充足的情况下浇水,下午 2 时3 时观察,两种灌水方式对温度、湿度及病害的影响(表略) 。定植水滴灌比沟灌 5cm 深地温高3.1,气温高 4.1
12、, 相对湿度下降 16%。结瓜水和成株水对气温、地温及相对湿度的影响基本与定植水相同,沟灌先后发生立枯病、沤根、枯萎病等病害,而滴灌基本控制了病害发生。产量及效益分析滴灌改善了黄瓜生长环境,在管理水平相同的条件下,每 0.067hm2 日光温室平均增产黄瓜 1615kg,增幅 27.3%,产值增加 2920 元左右。每 0.067hm2 日光温室内滴灌投资仅千元,当季即可还本。两种灌水方式测完产量效益此外,滴灌省去了输水渠道,每行可多栽 1 株黄瓜,每 0.067hm2 多栽 100 多株,可扩大有效种植面积 6%。沟灌需由 2 人看水道和冲施肥料,费工且浪费肥料,而滴灌只需开关阀门,水肥并施
13、,综合分析可省工50%以上。综上测验结果,采用薄壁软管滴灌技术, 矿车可明显改善日光温室蔬菜生产的生态环境,取得可喜的经济效益和社会效益。主要经济指标如下:节水 50%,省工 50%,省肥 20%30%,降低湿度 10%16%;明显减轻病害发生,发病期推迟10d,病情指数下降 50%100%,平均减少打药二三次,节约农药开支 100200元/0.067hm2;节省土地 6%10%,土壤密度降低 0.080.15g/cm3,空隙度增加 0.44%2.53%;510cm 深地温可提高 1.53.1,气温提高 1.54.0,促使蔬菜优质稳产高产,增产增收达 15%28%。据测算,晋城市日光温室采用该
14、项滴灌新技术,十多年累计节水 20104m3,节省开支 100 余万元,增产蔬菜超过20104t,增加收入 5000 多万元。链条2002-2003 winter in bovine city village, east village grow sunlight greenhouse cucumber points such as ShangZhuangCun to observe, http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ data recorded in the specific arrangement is as follows. Water drip the low-p
15、ressure water and fertilizer through drip irrigation systems at the same time direct drop in cucumber rhizosphere, less water consumption. Two types of irrigation water (table), according to the observation statistics, cucumber growth stages each greenhouse drip irrigation compared to furrow irrigation water by more than 50%. For temperature, humidity and the impact of diseases on sunny morning under the condition of water, at 2 PM - 3 when
