《动词不定式和动名词的句法功能比较》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《动词不定式和动名词的句法功能比较（12页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、键入文字键入文字高中英语动词不定式和动名词的句法功能比较：一、作主语 不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： (1)把不定式置于句首。如： To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2)用 it 作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如： It be名词to do Its our duty to take good care of the old. It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish the
2、work? It be形容词 for sbto do It is difficult for us to finish writing the compositionin a quarter of an hour. It be形容词 of sbto do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays. It seems(appears)形容词 to do It seemed impossible to save money. 在句型中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult,easy,hard,zimport
3、ant,impossible,necessary 等；在句型中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise 等 表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的 sb，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于 Sb is形容词to do 句式 ，如：Its kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to helpme with my English. 动名词作主语 Learning without practice is no good. 键
4、入文字键入文字动名词作主语时，也常用 It 句式。如： Its +no good(no use,fun,a pleasure,a waste of time)+doing Its no good reading in dim light. Its no use sitting here waiting. Its 形容词doing Its dangerous swimming in the sea in windy days. 这样用的形容词有 expensive,nice,tiring 等，但 important,necessary 则不适用于这种结构，应用不定式 代替，如：Itsimport
5、ant for you to keep fit. There is no+doing There is no saying what will happen next. 在这一结构中，动名词后常带宾语，相当于Its impossible to结构。 动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别 不定式作主语经常表示具体动作，常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起；而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动 作，经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。如： Its no good eating too much fat. Its no good for you to eat so much fat. 动名词结构作主语，可以用名词或代词
6、属格形式作逻辑主语。如： Its no use your pretending that you didnt know the rules. 二、作宾语 不定式作宾语 以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语。如：agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail ,help,hope,lean,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish 等，这些词大部分可接 th at 引导的从句。如： I decided to ask for my money back. I deci
7、ded that I would ask for my money back. When our visit to the farm was over,we expected to startback on foot. 键入文字键入文字When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that wewould start back on foot. 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语 it 代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语动 词it补语to do 句式。如： We think it quite important for us
8、to learn a foreignlanguage well. He feels it his duty to help the poor. 介词 but,except,besides+to do(do) 在这种句型中，如介词前有动词 do，后面应接不带 to 的不定式；如无 do，则接 to 不定式，即带 do 不带 to， 带 to 不带 do。如： The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in. On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV. 动名词作宾语 以下动词后，只能接动
9、名词作宾语，如：admit,appreciate,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,imag ine,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,save,suggest,dont mind,give up,insist,on, put off 等。如： I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town. You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm toyour health. 动名词作介词的宾语 I should go
10、to attend the birthday celebration instead of staying at home. What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech? 动名词前的介词有时可以省略，如：have difficulty(in)doing,have no trouble(in)doing,lose no ti me(in)doing,prevent/stop(from)doing,there is no use(in)doing 等。 部分动词后面，既可接动词不定式，也可接动名词作宾语，意义不变。如：begin,continue,sta
11、rt,hat e,like,love,need,require,want 等。 在 need,require,want 后接-ing 形式，表示被动意义，也可接不定式，但键入文字键入文字要用被动形式，如：Your handwr iting needs improving(tobe improved). hate,love,like 接不定式表示特定的未来事件，接动名词表示目前 正在进行的活动或一般的行为。 在下列情况下，一般要用不定式： hate,like,love 前有 would(should)时，如：Id like to have a cup of coffee. 当谓语动词 begin
12、,continue,start 等是进行式时，如：Thestudents are starting to work on the di fficult maths problem. begin,continue,start 与 know,understand 等状态动词连用时，如：I soon began to understand what was happening. advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit 等动词后接动名词作宾语，或带不定式作宾语补足语。如： Our teachers dont permit our swimming in the lak
13、e. Our teachers dont permit us to swim in the lake. 部分动词后接不定式或动名词时，意义差别较大，应根据句子语境选择使用。 forget,remember,regret 后接不定式，表示现在或未来的动作，接动名词表示动作已经发生。如： Dont forget fo post the letter for me. Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport? Remember to close the windows before you leave. I remember writing
14、him a letter a year ago. We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited toattend the meeting. They regretted ordering these books from abroad. mean to do 打算做某事 doing 意味着 键入文字键入文字I meant to catch up with the early bus. This means wasting a lot of money. try to do 设法尽力做某事 doing 试着做某事 You should
15、 try to overcome your shortcomings. Try working out the physics problem in another way. stop to do 停下一件事去做另一件事（不定式作目的状语） doing 停止做某事 On the way to the airport,I stopped to buy a paper. Youd better stop arguing and do as you are told. cant help doing 禁不住 to do 不能帮助干 They couldnt help jumping up at th
16、e news. Sorry I have lots of work to do.So I cant help to make up the room for you. go on to do 做不同的事或不同内容的事 doing 继续不停地做某事，指同一动作的继续 He went on to talk about world situation.他接着又谈了世界形势。 Well go on fighting so long as there is oppression inthe world. leave off to do 离开某地去干什么（目的状语） doing 停下某事 Its time to leave off talking and to start acting. They left
