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1、economist经济学家socialist economy社会主义经济capitalist economy资本主义经济collective economy集体经济planned economy计划经济controlled economy管制经济rural economics农村经济liberal economy自由经济mixed economy混合经济political economy政治经济学protectionism保护主义autarchy闭关自守primary sector初级成分private sector私营成分,私营部门public sector公共部门,公共成分economic
2、 channels经济渠道economic balance经济平衡economic fluctuation经济波动economic depression经济衰退economic stability经济稳定economic policy经济政策economic recovery经济复原understanding约定concentration集中holding company控股公司trust托拉斯cartel卡特尔rate of growth增长economic trend经济趋势economic situation经济形势infrastructure基本建设standard of living
3、生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power购买力scarcity短缺stagnation停滞,萧条 ,不景气underdevelopment不发达underdeveloped不发达的developing发展中的initial capital创办资本frozen capital冻结资金frozen assets冻结资产fixed assets固定资产real estate不动产,房地产circulating capital, working capital流动资本available capital可用资产capital goods资本货物reserve预备金,
4、储备金calling up of capital催缴资本allocation of funds资金分配contribution of funds资金捐献working capital fund周转基金revolving fund循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund意外开支,预备金reserve fund预备金buffer fund缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund偿债基金investment投资,资产investor投资人self-financing自筹经费,经费自给bank银行current account经常帐户 (美作:checking account)curre
5、nt-account holder支票帐户 (美作:checking-account holder)cheque支票 (美作 :check)bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer无记名支票,来人支票crossed cheque划线支票travellers cheque旅行支票chequebook支票簿,支票本 (美作:checkbook)endorsement背书transfer转让,转帐 ,过户money货币issue发行ready money现钱cash现金ready money business, no credit given现金交易,概不赊欠c
6、hange零钱banknote, note钞票,纸币 (美作:bill)to pay (in) cash付现金domestic currency, local currency本国货币convertibility可兑换性convertible currencies可自由兑换货币exchange rate汇率,兑换率foreign exchange外汇floating exchange rate浮动汇率free exchange rates自由汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate外汇兑换券hard currency硬通货speculation投机saving储装,存款
7、depreciation减价,贬值devaluation(货币)贬值revaluation重估价runaway inflation无法控制的通货膨胀deflation通货紧缩capital flight资本外逃securities business证券市场stock exchange股票市场stock exchange corporation证券交易所stock exchange证券交易所,股票交易所quotation报价,牌价share股份,股票shareholder, stockholder股票持有人,股东dividend股息,红利cash dividend现金配股stock invest
8、ment股票投资investment trust投资信托stock-jobber股票经纪人stock company, stock brokerage firm证券公司securities有价证券share, common stock普通股preference stock优先股income gain股利收入issue发行股票par value股面价格, 票面价格bull买手, 多头bear卖手, 空头assigned过户opening price开盘closing price收盘hard times低潮business recession景气衰退doldrums景气停滞dull盘整ease松弛
9、raising limit涨停板break暴跌bond, debenture债券Wall Street华尔街short term loan短期贷款long term loan长期贷款medium term loan中期贷款lender债权人creditor债权人debtor债务人,借方borrower借方,借款人borrowing借款interest利息rate of interest利率discount贴现,折扣rediscount再贴现annuity年金maturity到期日,偿还日amortization摊销,摊还 ,分期偿付redemption偿还insurance保险mortgage
10、抵押allotment拨款short term credit短期信贷consolidated debt合并债务funded debt固定债务,长期债务floating debt流动债务drawing提款,提存aid援助allowance, grant, subsidy补贴,补助金 ,津贴output产出,产量producer生产者,制造者productive, producing生产的products, goods产品consumer goods消费品article物品,商品manufactured goods, finished goods制成品,产成品raw product初级产品semi
11、finished goods半成品by-product副产品foodstuffs食品raw material原料supply供给,补给input投入productivity生产率productiveness赢利性overproduction生产过剩cost成本,费用expenditure, outgoings开支,支出fixed costs固定成本overhead costs营业间接成本overheads杂项开支,间接成本operating costs生产费用,营业成本operating expenses营业费用running expenses日常费用,经营费用miscellaneous co
12、sts杂项费用overhead expenses间接费用,治理费用upkeep costs, maintenance costs维修费用,养护费用transport costs运输费用social charges社会负担费用contingent expenses, contingencies或有费用apportionment of expenses分摊费用income收入,收益earnings利润,收益gross income, gross earnings总收入,总收益gross profit, gross benefit毛利,总利润 ,利益毛额net income纯收益,净收入 ,收益净额
13、average income平均收入national income国民收入profitability, profit earning capacity利润率,赢利率yield产量收益,收益率increase in value, appreciation增值,升值duty税taxation system税制taxation征税,纳税fiscal charges财务税收progressive taxation累进税制graduated tax累进税value added tax增值税income tax所得税land tax地租,地价税excise tax特许权税basis of assessme
14、nt估税标准taxable income须纳税的收入fiscality检查tax-free免税的tax exemption免税taxpayer纳税人tax collector收税员China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, C.C.P.I.T.中国国际贸易促进委员会National Council for US-China Trade美中贸易全国理事会Japan-China Economic Association日中经济协会Association for the Promotion of International Trad
15、e, Japan日本国际贸易促进会British Council for the Promotion of International Trade英国国际贸易促进委员会International Chamber of Commerce国际商会International Union of Marine Insurance国际海洋运输保险协会International Alumina Association国际铝矾土协会Universal Postal Union, UPU万国邮政联盟Customs Co-operation Council, CCC关税合作理事会United Nations Tr
16、ade and Development Board联合国贸易与发展理事会Organization for Economic cooperation and Development, DECD经济合作与开发组织European Economic Community, EEC, European Common Market欧洲经济共同体European Free Trade Association, EFTA欧洲自由贸易联盟European Free Trade Area, EFTA欧洲自由贸易区Council for Mutual Economic Aid, CMEA经济互助委员会Eurogroup欧洲集团Group of Ten十国集团Committee of Twenty(Paris Club)二十国委员会Coordinating Committee, COCOM巴黎统筹委员会Caribbean Common Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Association, CARIFTA加勒比共同市场（加勒比自由贸易
