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1、 1 / 27 阅读理解之细节题辅导讲义主 题 阅读理解之细节题及主旨题教学内容Step 1: 阅读理解题命题特点改革前的广州中考英语试卷阅读理解有 20 个小题，共 40 分。改革后增加了“阅读填空”题型，分值增至45 分。中考阅读理解短文的题材广泛，包括：史地、社会生活、科普知识、人物传记等。体裁有记叙文、议论文、说明文、应用文。1.记叙文以描述人或事及相关情景的发生和发展经过。2.说明文是对事物现象的说明或解释。3.议论文论证某一观点是否正确，由论点、论据与论证构成。4.应用文以广告、信件等为主。从历年中考真题来看，对细节题的考察比重明显比较高，一般在 18-24 分之间。阅读主要考查点
2、为事实询问、主旨大意、推理判断、根据上下文猜测词义。随分值提升，题目难度也有所提升。如有数字的加减、词义辨析等。考生需要在采集信息的基础上进行加工分析，才能得到正确的答案。 重点事实询问（细节题） ，主旨大意，词义猜测及指代题，推理判断及排序题，句子理解；难点 根据上下文猜测词义，长难句的理解，主旨大意题既推理判断；易错点 猜测词义，主旨大意题；高频考点 事实询问，推理判断，主旨大意。 2 / 27 阅读理解之细节题下面就各种阅读理解题的题型举例，谈谈解题方法。 1细节题的设问方式： 此类题型的问题以 what, who, which, when, where, how 或 why 等词引导，
3、就文中某句、某段或某一具体细节设问并要求考生回答。如：1）特殊疑问词提问类型 How many ？What/who/when/where/how/why ?2）排序题类型 Which of the orders is correct according to the passage ?3）例证题类型 The author gives the example in paragraph in order to 4） 表唯一细节概念题类型：the most / est the only 5）True or NOT true 是非判断类型Which of the following is NOT me
4、ntioned in the passage? Which of the following statements is NOT true? Which of the following is NOT considered as ?2. 细节题解题方法：分步解读： 我们读完文章后，第一步工作就是审清题目。第二步就是根据题目，定位文章了。第三步就是仔细揣度文意，根据选项进行判断了。注意： 在做题过程中要学生划出关键词A. 事实节细题，There was once a large, fat woman who had a small, thin husband. He had a job in a
5、 big company and was given his weekly pay every Friday evening. .As soon as he got home on Fridays, his wife used to make him give her all his money, and then she used to give him back only enough to buy his lunch in the office every day.( ) (1) How much money was the husband allowed to keep every d
6、ay?A. Just enough to buy chocolates.B. Just enough to buy a sandwich.C. Just enough to buy his lunch in a restaurant.D. Just enough to buy his lunch in the office.筒析：这是一道典型的事实询问题，因为它的答案可以直接从文段中找到。根据这段最后一句话，可以得知D 为正确答案。解这类题的主要方法是： 1）明确题意。2）寻找答案来源。3）找准关键词。4）反复阅读。B.数据推算题 3 / 27 此题要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他
7、信息的关系做简单计算和推断。如：In the summer holidays, buses going to the town center will leave the school gate every hour on the half hour during the day. The dining room will serve three meals a day from 7:00 a.m. to 7:00pm. during the week and two meals from noon to 7:00 p.m. at weekends. The library will keep
8、 its usual hours during the week, but have shorter hours on Saturdays and Sundays. The weekend hours are from noon to 5:00 p.m.( ) (3) At which of the following times will the bus leave the school gate?A. 8:00, 9:00, 10:00, 11:00 B. 8:30, 9:30, 10:30, 11:30C. 8:30, 9:00, 9:30, 10:00 D. 8:00, 9:30, 1
9、1:00,12:30简析：做此类题一要抓住有关的数据，二要从众多的信息中找出哪些是有用的信息，三要抓住一些关键词。注意文章中的第一句“every hour on the half hour.”意思为校车每小时发一次，发车时间在每一小时的半点上。故 B 是正确答案。C 数字计算题数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。It
10、 was a very hot afternoon, and we decided to cool off in the river near my home. As we climbed down a small rocky hill toward the water, my boyfriend John suddenly started to shout then jumped into the water below. Peter and Mary quickly followed but I was too far away to jump. I was trapped（2010 年广
11、州市中考题，A 篇）46. How many people went swimming that day?A. Two. B. Three C. Four D. FiveKey: CD. 排列顺序题做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。典型例题The hardworking blacksmith Jones used to work all day in his shop.The son of Mr. Smith, a rich neighbor, used to come to see the blacksmith eve
12、ry day and for hours and hours he would enjoy himself watching how the 4 / 27 tradesman worked.“Young man, why dont you try your hand to learn to make shoe tacks (钉), even if it is only to pass the time?” said the blacksmith. “Who knows, one day, it may be of use to you.”The lazy boy began to see wh
13、at he could do. But after a little practice he found that he was becoming very skilled and soon he was making some of the finest tacks.Old Mr. Smith died and the son lost all his things because of the war. He had to leave home and began to live a simple life in a small village in another country. In
14、 this village there were a lot of shoemakers who were spending a lot of money buying tacks for their shoes, and sometimes even when they paid high prices they were not always able to get what they wanted, because in that part of the country soldiers shoes were in great need.Our young Mr. Smith, who was finding it difficult to earn his daily bread, remembered that once upon a time he had learned the art of making tacks and had the sudden idea of making a bargain with the shoemakers. He told them that he would make the tacks if they w
