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1、Grammar Subject-Verb Agreement (主谓一致)主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。 1. 语法一致原则 如果主语是单数，谓语动词则用单数形式；如果主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。eg. Both parties _their own advantages. Her job _something to do with computers. 2. 意义一致原则有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义，而不是语法上的单、复数形式，这样的一致关系就是意义一致。His family _(be) a big family.His family _(be) l
2、istening to music when he came back.The population in China _ (be) very large, and eighty of the population in China _(be) farmers. 3. 就近原则 有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语。 e.g. Either my grandsons or their father_ (be) coming. Neither Richard nor I _(be) going. （1）谓语动词常用复数的情况The teachers are respected in
3、the world. 1）主语为复数名词或代词The police are looking for the missing child.The cattle are kept in his farm.2) 当 people , police, cattle 等集体名词作主语，形式上为单数而意义却是复数，谓语用复数。The Olympic Games are held once every four years. The Rocky mountains stand in the west of the north America.3）山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等 s 结尾的复数名词作主语。 The
4、 rich are not always happy.Generally speaking ,the young are eager for success.4）the+adj. 表示一类人 或物做主语时如 blind,deaf, living,dead,the+ wounded, poor, richold, young 等但指个人或抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。The unknown is always something to be feared.The beautiful is always loved by people.The Whites are going to make a
5、 trip to London.The Greens were watching TV when a fire broke out. 5) the+姓的复数形式表一家人（二）谓语动词常用单数的情况1）可数名词的单数及不可数名词作主语时。The advice is practical.2）表示时间、距离、金钱、长度、重量等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时。 Twenty years is only a short time in human history.3)主语从句、动词不定式、动名词 形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Looking after the children is my full
6、 time job.To die for the people is a worthy death.When and where to hold the meeting is unknown.Whatever was left was taken away.4) 以-S 结尾的单数名词，形式为复数而意义为单数。如表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语,(news, physics, maths，politics)谓语用单数。The United states is made up of 50 states.The Times is a newspaper for the British
7、governmentGreat Expectations was written by Charles Dickens in 1860. 5) clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 等无生命的集合名词作主语。Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area.6） eachneither +of + the+复数名词或代词EitherEach of us _ a dictionary.Either of the books on the table _to
8、 me.Neither of them _fit for the job.7) many a / each / every either / neither +单数名词more than oneMany a student _the film.Neither story _true.More than one student has seen the film.More students than one have seen the film.注意：当 each 放在主语后作同位语时，不决定谓语单复数。They each have a dictionary.=Each of them has
9、a dictionary.8) every every each +名词单数and+ each + 名词单数作主语时no no 谓语用单数many a many aEvery desk and every chair _ made of wood. Many a boy and many a girl _made the same mistake.9）由 some, any, no, every + one/thing/body 所构成的复合不定代词做主语时，谓语用单数。Nobody _to go there.Something _been done to end the strike.（3）
10、其它情况1）用 and 或 bothand连接的两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但是如果 and连接的两个名词作主语，指同一个人或事或整体概念，谓语动词用单数（如果是可数名词的单数这时 and 后面的名词一般没有冠词） 。用 is/are 填空：English and Chinese quite different languages.Water and air both important. A young man and a girl to go there.The singer and the writer famous to many young peopleThe manage
11、r and secretary as busy as a bee all dayThe singer and writer famous to everyone. War and peace （战争与和平） a constant theme in history.A knife and fork（ 刀叉） needed for a western meal.Bread and butter(黄油面包) served for breakfast.Early to bed and early to rise _（早睡早起） a good habit.常用的一些表示整体概念的词iron and st
12、eel 钢铁law and order 治安a watch and chain 一块带链的表 A needle and thread 针线a coat and tie 配有领带的上衣2）单、复数同形的名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则。作单数意义时，谓语动词用单数，反之谓语动词用复数。这类名词有：sheep, fish, deer, means( 方法), species(种类),works(工厂),Chinese, Japanese 等。选择填空has/haveEvery means _been tried out without much result.All means _ been tri
13、ed out without much result. was/wereThis shoe works _ set up in 1980. Those shoe works _all set up in 1980. 3) 表示成双成套的名词，如：chopsticks ( 筷子), compasses, clothes, glasses, jeans, scissors, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves, shorts等，作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；Chopsticks mainly are used in China.但如与 a kind of, a pai
14、r of, the pair of,a series of 连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：This kind of books _useful. = Books of this kind _useful. 4) 某些集体名词（如 family, team 等）作主语时， 如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数。类似动词还有： class, club, company, crowd, enemy, government, group, party, public, team 等。5) 就近原则下列连词连接两个主语时，及 there be 句型有多
15、个并列主语，谓语应与最靠近的主语保持一致。A or B either A or B neither A nor B 动词与靠近的主语一致not only A but also B there be A, B and C not A but B1）Either the girl or the boy _ in Canada.( is /are )2）Neither he nor I _ the answer.(knows /know)3）Not only I but also Jane and Mary _tired of having one examination after another. 4) You ,he or I right. 5)_either he or you right? (be)(注意就近原则在疑问中的使用)6）Y
