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1、第十章汉语“得”字句的英译处理“得”字在汉语中的使用频率较高，它兼有动词和助词的功能。如：骑车来回得一个半小时。 （It will take an hour and a half to make a return journey by bicycle.） ，这个礼堂能坐得下 1500 人吗？（Can this auditorium hold 1500 people?） 。本节着重讨论“得”字作为结构助词时的翻译问题。作为结构助词“得”字有两种基本用法。一种是位于动词之后，连接补语，表示能力或可能性，如“论唱歌谁能比得上他？(Who can match him in singing?)；另一种是
2、位于动词或形容词之后，连接补语，表示结果或程度，如：他气得说不出话来。 （He was too angry to speak.） 。下面分别举例说明。一、表示能力或可能性的“得”字句表示能力或可能性的“得”字句的英译处理比较简单，基本上可以采用下列四种途径：1、采用英语中的情态动词 can (could)1）这东西晒得晒不得？Can we dry it in the sun or not?2）这房子太贵了，但我还是买得起的。The house is too expensive, but I still can afford it.3）你到底拿得动还是拿不动？Can you carry this
3、 or not?4）这件大衣，我想今年冬天还是能应付得过去。I think I can make do with this coat for the winter.2、采用英语中带后缀“-able”的形容词1）这种蘑菇吃得。Mushrooms of this kind are edible.2）他的字还过得去。His handwriting is presentable.3）房东太太毛病虽多，我还是忍得了。The landlady is tolerable despite her many shortcomings.4）他说得天花乱坠，其他人也觉得计划行得通。He shot his mouth
4、 off, and the other people also took it for granted that the plan was workable.3、采用英语短语“to be able to”和“to be capable of”1）他看得出两者的差别。He was able to see the difference between the two.2）他们什么事情都个得出来。They are capable of anything.3）他能担得起大事情。He is capable of great things.4、采用其他情态动词或转换成祈使句1）这件事放松不得。This m
5、atter must be paid close attention to.2）要取得成绩，就得努力学习。One must study hard to achieve good results.3）蓝子里有鸡蛋，压不得。There are eggs in the basket. Dont press it.4）这太贵了，买不得。Its sunlight robbery. Dont buy it.二、表示程度或结果的“得”字句表示程度或结果的“得”字句的英译处理就相对要复杂一些，下面列举一些常见的处理方法：1、采用“sothat”, “soas to”, “suchthat”等结构1）这孩子玩电
6、子游戏机玩得心都野了。The child is so crazy about electronic games that he just cant take his mind off them.2）这件事愁得他夜不安枕。He was so worried about it that he hardly slept a wink at night.3）他酒喝得太多了，一下子就醉了。He drank so much that he soon got drunk.4）这个中年人壮实得像个小伙子似的。The middle-aged man is so strong as to look like a
7、young man.5）差别大得人人都看得出来。It is such a great difference that all will perceive it.6）他们要好得难舍难分。They are such close friends that they are almost inseparable.2、采用“tooto”, “toofor”, “enoughto”, “enoughfor”等结构1）这事挺重要，千万马虎不得。This business is too important to be handled casually.2）我详细地解释过，可他就是糊涂得不懂这个理儿。I hav
8、e explained it in detail, but he is too stupid to understand such a truth.3）这事他既已应允了，我也乐得顺水推舟。He has already agreed to it, and I am only too glad to follow suit.4）这广告吹得太玄，使人不免半信半疑。The advertisement sounds too boastful to be convincing.5）这篇文章写得太乱，不知所云。This piece of writing is too confused to be intel
9、ligible.6）这些工具旧得不能再用了。These tools are too old for further use.7）她半信半疑地对自己说，声音低得差不多只有他自己才听得见。She said dubiously to herself, her voice too low for anyone else to hear.8）准备几个菜招待一下也就过得去了。It would be good enough to treat them to a few dishes.9）他身体壮得可以干任何重活。He is strong enough for any heavy work.3、采用 and
10、连接的并列结构1）他的歌声引起观众的哄笑，他便羞愧得赶忙离开了比赛。His singing made the audience burst out laughing. He felt ashamed and left the competition hurriedly.2）大伙儿笑得我怪不好意思的。Everybody laughed and I felt rather embarrassed.4、采用“till (until)+状语从句 ”的结构1）她把我招惹得要发疯了，她自己却若无其事的样子。She provoked me till I felt quite frantic, yet she
11、 herself pretended to be indifferent and aloof.2）他笑得肚子都疼了。He laughed till his sides spilt.3）这孩子跑得浑身是汗。The boy ran here and there until he was wet with sweat.4）这个孩子被打得青一块紫一块。The boy was beaten until he was black and blue.5、采用“连系动词或变得意义的动词+（副词）+形容词表语”的结构1）叫大家等这么久，我心里怎么过得去呢？I am terribly sorry to have
12、kept you all waiting for so long.2）他也在会上发了言，不过话说得比较隐晦。He, too, spoke up at the meeting , but his remarks were rather obscure.3）自从战争结束之后，日子过得无忧无虑。Life has been free from anxieties ever since the end of the war.4）看到儿子对这一问题无所谓的态度，他突然变得严肃了。Seeing his sons “devil-may-care” sort of attitude towards the pr
13、oblem, he suddenly fell grave.5）蔚蓝色的天空把云朵般的降落伞映衬得分外鲜明。The cloud-like parachutes looked extremely beautiful against the blue sky.6、采用“动词+后置状语”的结构1）他不住校，却总是来得早，走得晚。Though he was out a boarder, he always arrived early and left late.2）经过两个星期的练习，她现在打字打得相当快了。After two weeks practice, she can type quite fa
14、st now.3）风刮得很大，多穿点衣服保暖。The wind is blowing hard. Put on more clothes to keep warm.4）别看他们现在吵得厉害，用不了一会儿就和好了。They may be quarreling furiously with each other, but they will make up in no time.5）他说得阴阳怪气的，肚子里不知画的是啥道理。He spoke enigmatically. Nobody knew what he had up his sleeve.6）她们正说笑得起劲，见来了客人，便立即哑口了The
15、y were talking and laughing away but they stopped as soon as a visitor appeared.7、采用“动词+名词/代词 +副词”的结构1）这病把人拖得要死不活的。The illness has worn him out.2）人们说得绘声绘色，仿佛都亲自经历过一样。People talked about it vividly, as if they had all experienced it themselves.3）她声音很低，大字眼咬得很清楚。Although in a low voice, she enunciated
16、every word clearly.4）母亲把她儿子的信握在她柔软的手里，握得很紧。The mother took her sons letter in her soft hand and held it tightly.5）看问题要看得全面，不能以偏概全。We should avoid a one-sided approach and look at problems all-sidedly.6）一把钥匙开一把锁，她最听你的，只有你去才说得通。A lock can be opened only by the right key. As she listens only to you, you are exactly the person to bring her round.8、采用“动词+表示原因的介词短语”的结构1）小孩疼得打哆嗦，但拒绝上床去躺一躺。The child shivered with pain, but refused to go to bed.2）气得他连声音都变了。His voice
