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1、Sentence Writing 1. English Sentence Writing1.1 Types of Sentences1.2 Basic Sentence Patterns1.3 Expanding Basic Sentence Patterns1.4 Sentence Structure Problems1.5 Subject-Verb Agreement1.1 Types of English Sentences Simple Sentence Compound Sentence Complex Sentence Compound-complex sentence Decla
2、rative Sentence Interrogative Sentence Imperative Sentence Exclamatory Sentence 简单句：只包含一个主谓结构且各个成分均由词组构成的句子。He knows everything about it.复杂句：某个句子成分直接由从属分句表示的句子。He complained that what you said was not true.并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句由并列连词或其他并列手段连接起来便构成并列句。Most of us were in the hall, the doors had been closed,
3、and the latecomers had to wait outside.并列复杂句：包含一个或一个以上的复杂句作为并列成分的句子。They watched television and enjoyed themselves inmensely, but we couldnt see the program because our television was broken.Do you know?The students I teach have made better grades in the past few weeks.The students would have made b
4、etter grades if they had studied hard. (Simple sentence)(Complex sentence)Do you know?There arent as many trees here as there used to be.Did you hear about the new project? Please send my kind regards to your parents.How it thunders! 雷打得真响啊!(Declarative sentence)(Interrogative sentence)(Imperative s
5、entence)(Exclamatory sentence)1.2 Basic Sentence PatternsSV (subject + intransitive verb)主- 动SVC ( subject + linking verb + subject complement )主-动-补SVO (subject + transitive verb + direct object)主-动- 宾SVOiOd (subject + transitive verb + indirect object + direct object )主- 动-宾-宾SVOC (subject + trans
6、itive verb + object + object complement)主- 动-宾-补SVThe guests have arrived.Things change. There exist a variety of different opinions on this question.P.S.There + be 是倒装结构,谓语还可以是 appear, come, enter, exist, happen, lie, live, occur, remain, rise, seem, stand 等。SVCHard work and honesty are the keys to
7、 success.Without suitable preservation, food goes bad easily.P.S.系动词还有 appear, become, grow, prove, run, seem, feel, look, smell, sound, taste 等。SVOStudents often recite useful phrases to be used in their compositions.Do you mind filling out this application form?P.S. 以动名词作宾语的动词包括avoid, admit, deny,
8、 enjoy, finish, keep, mind, postpone, recommend, prefer, require, resume, risk, quit, practice 等。SVOiOd(SVoO)一位朋友给我带来一本内科学的教科书。A friend of mine brought me a textbook of lexicology. OR:A friend of mine brought a textbook of lexicology to me.P.S.此句型的动词有 bring, buy, fetch, get, give, lend, offer, save,
9、 sell, send, show, take, wish 等。 SVOC在 SVOC 结构中，及物动词之后跟宾语和宾语补语。Today, we call Einstein a genius. They believe it important to make an early diagnosis of cancer.P.S.主谓宾补结构的常见动词有believe, call, consider, cut, elect, find, have, keep, leave, let, like, make, name, polish, think, want, wish 等。On Auguest
10、6, 1945, an American aircraft dropped a bomb on the Japanese town of Hiroshima. /The bomb exploded 1,000 ft. above the ground. /Within the fraction of a second, the bomb changed from a metal cylinder into an immense mass of expanding gas, millions of degrees hot. /The air itself around the point of
11、explosion began to burn. /A shower of penetrating invisible rays attacked every living or dead thing in the town. /Then followed a shock-wave(冲击波) which shattered the buildings and a tremendous blast of hot air whirled the debris of stone, concrete, metal and wood over the ground. /The explosion kil
12、led at least 140,000 people and left tens of thousands of others disfigured for life.1.3 Expanding SentencesCompare the following sentences：Hong Kong is a very large city. Hong Kong is an overcrowded and commercialized city. Hong Kong is an overcrowded and commercialized city with a population of ov
13、er seven million.How to expand sentences?(1) Addition 增添法(2) Coordination 并列法(3) Subordination 从属法（1） AdditionExpanding with Modifying Words (修饰词)Expanding with Modifying Phrases (修饰短语)a. 用介词短语扩展b. 用不定式短语扩展 c. 用动名词短语扩展 d. 用分词短语扩展Put multi-modifiers in order：限定词（冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词等）数词一般描绘性形容词（短词语在前，长词
14、语在后）表示大小、长短、高低的形容词表示形状的形容词表示年龄、新旧的形容词表示颜色的形容词表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词表示物质、材料的形容词表示用途、类别的形容词。 简化版：限定描绘大长高形状年龄和新老颜色国籍出材料作用类别往后靠教室里有一张新的圆形红色木质大课桌。There is a large round new red wooden desk in the classroom.Examples of modifying phrasesWith great feeling, Martin Luther King, Jr. expressed his dream of freedom. It
15、s difficult to make a decision without knowing all the facts. The janitor staggered down the stairway, gasping for air.A new technique having been worked out, the yields this year as a whole increased by 30% in this area. （2） CoordinationExpanding with Compound Sentences (并列句)使用并列连词and, or, but, not
16、 only.but also, so, either.or, yet.使用连接副词however, moreover, otherwise, therefore, besides.使用分号连接Expanding with Parallelism （平行结构）Expanding with ParallelismYouth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind.青春不是年华，而是心境； It is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees.青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝，It is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, vigor of the emotions而是深沉的意志、宏伟的想象、炽热的感情（3）Subordination Expanding with Noun Claus名词
