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1、Human Factors Engineering / ErgonomicsFocus of Human FactorsHuman beings and their surroundingsObjectives of Human Factors Increase in efficiency of work Decrease energy consumption in carrying Decrease error in reading a license plate Improve safety Apply stereotype in controlling the flow of liqui
2、ds Decrease error in reading a dial in an airplane Increase comfort Design a chair to relax the leg muscles Reduce noise level in a plantApproach of Human FactorsThe application of relevant information about human Capabilities (e.g. maximum oxygen consumption) Limitations (e.g. hearing intensity) Ch
3、aracteristics (e.g. muscle contraction) Behavior (e.g. anger) Motivation (e.g. money incentives)to design things (machines, tools, procedures, workstations, furniture, etc.) taking into account the environment.Definition of Human FactorsIt discovers and applies information about human behavior, abil
4、ities, limitation, and other characteristics to the design of tools, machines, systems, tasks, jobs, and environments for productive, safe, comfortable, and effective human use.It is the study of anatomical, physiological, and psychological aspects of workers in their working environment with the ob
5、jective of optimizing safety, comfort, and efficiency.Distinction of Human Factors Includes several branches of science Physiology Psychology Biomechanics Anthropometry Illumination engineering Sound & Vibration Etc. Recognition of individual differences Age Sex Origin Emphasis on empirical data and
6、 experimentationHuman Factors is not: Applying check lists and guidelines Using oneself as a model for design Just common senseHistory of Human Factors Simple tools (early humans used) Motion study (Frank & Lillian, end of the 19th century) Fitting the man to the task (prior to World War II) Fitting
7、 the job to the man in the military (after the War) Ergonomic Society was born (1949) Human Factors Society was born (1957) International Ergonomic Association (1959) Moved from military to civilian sector (1960-1980) More recognized (beyond 1980) due to inadequate attention to Human Factors. For ex
8、ample, the three Mile Island Nuclear power station accident (1979, U.S.A., property damage) Expected Growth (beyond 2000) due to: The emergence of complex systems The transfer of technology to developing countries where the characteristics of their people are different from the people of the exporting countries.
