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1、Chapter One Language1. Define the following terms1) discreteness 2) design features3) arbitrariness 4) duality5) displacement 6) cultural transmission 7) the imaginative function of language 8) the personal function of language9) the heuristic function of language 10) language2. Multiple ChoiceDirec
2、tions: In each question there are four choices. Decide which one would be the best answer to the question or to complete the sentence best.1) Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?A. tree B. crash C. typewriter D. bang 2) The function of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degrees Centigra
3、de” is _.A. interrogative B. directive C. informative D. performative3) In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say sui sui ping an (every year be safe and happy) as a means of controlling the forces which the believers feel might affect their li
4、ves. Which function does it perform?A. Interpersonal. B. Emotive. C Performative. D. Recreational.4) Which of the following properties of language enables language users to overcome the barriers causedby time and place, due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about a
5、nything in any situation? A. interchangeability. B. Duality. C. Displacement. D. Arbitrariness.5) Study the following dialogue. What function does it play according to the functions of language?A nice day, isnt it? Right! I really enjoy the sunlight.A. Emotive B. Phatic. C. Peformative. D. Interpers
6、onal.6) Unlike animal communication systems, human language is . A. stimulus freeB. stimulus boundC. under immediate stimulus controlD. stimulated by some occurrence of communal interest.7) Which of the following is the most important function of language? A. interpersonal function B. performative f
7、unctionC. informative function D. recreational function8) In different languages, different terms are used to express the animal “狗”, this shows the nature of - of human language.A arbitrariness B cultural transmission C displacement D discreteness9) Which of the following disciplines are related to
8、 applied linguistics?A. statistics B. psycholinguistics C. physics D. philosophy10) has been widely accepted as the father of modem linguistics.A. Chomsky B. Saussure C. Bloomfield D. John Lyons3. Word CompletionDirections: Fill in the blanks with the most suitable words.1) Design features, a framew
9、ork proposed by the American linguist Charles Hockett, refer to the _ properties of human language that distinguishes it from any animal system of communication.2) _ refers to the phenomenon that the sounds in a language are meaningfully distinct. For instance, the difference between the sounds /p/
10、and /b/ is not actually very great, but when these sounds are part of a language like English, they are used in such a way that the occurrence of one rather than the other is meaningful.3) In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences
11、 based on limited rules. This feature is usually termed p_ or c_.4) Language has many functions. We can use language to talk about language itself. This function is m_ function.5) Cultural transmission refers to the fact that language is c_ transmitted. It is passed on from one generation to the nex
12、t through teaching and learning, rather than by i_.6) One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of _ over writing.7) The _ function refers to the use of language to communicate knowledge about the world, to report events, to make statements, to give accounts, to explain relationshi
13、ps, to relay messages and so on.8) The _ function refers to language used to ensure social maintenance. Phatic communion is part of it. The term phatic communion introduced by the anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski refers to language used for establishing an atmosphere or maintaining social contact
14、 rather than for exchanging facts.9) Language is a system of arbitrary symbols used for human Communication. 10) Language has two levels. They are _ level and _ level.11) Language is a _ because every language consists of a set of rules which underlie peoples actual speech or writing.12) The _ funct
15、ion refers to language used in an attempt to control events once they happen.13) The design features of language are (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) and (7) _.14) By saying “language is arbitrary”, we mean that there is no logical connection between meaning and . 15) The four principles in the linguistic study are (1) (2) (3) and (4) .4. True or False QuestionsDirections: Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false in the b
