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1、1美国文学史复习 1(colonialism)第一部分 殖民主义时期的文学一、时期综述1、清教徒采用的文学体裁:a、narratives 日记 b、journals 游记2、清教徒在美国的写作内容:1)their voyage to the new land2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops3) About dealing with Indians4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit3、清教徒的思想:1)puritan w
2、ant to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式2) Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂,提供简单服务,建立神圣地位3)look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing Gods
3、will and is not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民,对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝4)puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步 5)religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面,忽视上帝仁慈的一面。4、典型的清教徒: John Cotton & Roger William他们的不同:John Cotton
4、was much more concerned with authority than with democracy; William begins the history of religious toleration in America.5、William 的宗教观点:Toleration did not stem from a lack of religious convictions. Instead, it sprang from the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not
5、give anyone the right to force belief on others. He also felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with God. 行为上的德,信仰上的诚,并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人:Anne Bradstreet7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人:the best of Puritan poets is Edward Tayor.学习指南:1、Cou
6、ld you give a description of American Puritans? 关于美国清教徒的描绘Like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the church should be restored to the purity of the first-century church as established by Jesus Christ himself. To them religion was a matter of primary importance. They made
7、 it their chief business to see that man lived and thought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God, all that John Calvin, the great French t
8、heologian who lived in Geneva had preached. It was this kind of religious belief that they brought with them into the wildness. There they meaant to prove that were Gods chosen people enjoying his blessings on this earth as in Heaven.2、Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the Puritan values th
9、at dominated much of the earliest American writing.3、The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet & Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry.4、The earliest settlers included Dutch, Swedes, Germans, French, Spaniards Italian, and Portuguese. 美国文学史复习 2(reason and revolution)(2009-01-17 15:54:25) 一、
10、美国的性质:The war for Independence ended in the formation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic - the United States of America. 联邦的资产阶级民主共和国-美利坚合众国。二、代表作家:1、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明 富兰克林 1706-17901)Poor Richards Almanac 穷人查理德的年鉴 annual collection of proverbs 流行谚语集2It soon became the most popular bo
11、ok of its kind, largely because of Franklins shrewd humor, and first spread his reputation2) Founded the Junto, a club for informal discussion of scientific, economic and political ideas. 建立了一个秘密俱乐部,讨论的主题是政治、经济和科学等时事方面的问题3)established Americas first circulating library, founded the college-Universit
12、y of Pennsylvania. 建立了美国第一个可租借的图书馆,还创办了一所大学就是现在的宾夕法尼亚大学。4)first applied the terms positive and negative to electrical charges.5)As a representative of the Colonies, he tried in vain to counsel the British toward policies that would let America grow and flourish in association with England. He conduc
13、ted the difficulty negotiations with France that brought financial and military support for America in the war. 作为殖民地的代表,他不断建议英国改变政策,使美国可以和英国一起发展、繁荣。他说服法国支持美国的独立战争。6)As an author he had power of expression, simplicity, a subtle humor, sarcastic.作为作家具有非凡的才能,表达简洁明了,幽默,讽刺天才、7)The Way to Wealth 致富之道 The
14、 Autobiography 自传 18 世纪美国唯一流传至今的自传2、Thomas Paine 托马斯佩因 1737-1809 Great Common of Mankind 最平凡的人1)famous pamphlet Common Sense 著名的政治小册子常识 it boldly advocated a Declaration for Independence, and brought the separatist agitation to a crisis. 拥护独立宣言,是分裂活动发展成最后危机。2)American Crisis 美国危机,signed Common Sense
15、 (p31, 第一段)The Case of the Officers of Excise 税务员问题;Common Sense 常识;American Crisis 美国危机;Rights of Man 人的权利:Downfall of Despotism 专制体制的崩溃;The Age of Reason 理性时代 3、Thomas Jefferson 托马斯 杰弗逊1)drafted the Declaration of Independence. 起草了独立宣言2)与清教徒不同,主张追求幸福。All Men are created equal, that they are endowe
16、d by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of happiness. 人人生而平等,他们都从“造物主” 那边被赋予了某些不可转让的权利,其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。4、Philip Freneau 菲利普费瑞诺 poet and political journalist 诗人和政治方面的新闻记者1)perhaps the most outstanding writer of the post-revolutionary period.2)has been called the Father of American Poetry 美国诗歌之父The Rising Glory of America 蒸蒸日上的美洲;The British Prison S