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1、L1 Finding fossil manrecount /rikaunt/ v.叙述 / reikaunt/ 再数一次record / rekd/ /ri kC:d/ 第一个音节带重音，名前动后叙述：recount : emotionless 重复describedepict： a little emotionalnarrate： temporal&spacial 根据时间或空间顺序描述。portray：描述saga /sa:g/ n.英雄故事 描述的内容 mostly real 北欧海盗活动的故事legend /ledVnd/ n.传说，传奇 unreal e.g robin hoodan
2、thropologist/ AnWrpCldVist/ n.人类学家anthrop：人philosophere :philosopher| 爱智慧哲学家philanthropist : 慈善家（对人有爱心的人）anthropology :人类学带-gy 结尾的都是学科：biology 生物学 geography 地理学 ecology 生态学remote/ rimut/ n.遥远ancestor / Ansest/ n.祖先an- 在前面forefather,forebear ，predecessor 祖先rot/ rCt/ v.烂掉leave me rot. leave me alongro
3、t to death.soon ripe,soon rotten.decay 国家民族逐渐衰亡 decompose 逐渐衰竭 deteriorate 关系逐渐恶化trace /treis/ n.痕迹，踪迹trace the problemi follow your tracei follow where you gopolynesia 波利尼西亚poly-多polyandric: a wife with more than one husbandpolygeny : a husband with more than one wifeflint /flint/ n.燧石 flinting hea
4、rtedfossil / fCsl/ n. 化石 cobble 鹅卵石read of 读到谈到：speak of ,talk of ,know of,hear ofnear east：近东 mediterranean, south europe,north africfar east非限定性从句，表原因oral(spoken) language is earlier than written language.precede :什么在什么之前，不用比较，直接跟名词counterpart: two things or two people have the same positionoral(s
5、poken) language is earlier than written counterpart.preserve: 保留，保存（腌制）如果句中有 only，那后面的表语结构就要用 to do sth,而不是doing sth.storyteller: 讲故事的人fortuneteller, palmreader: 算命先生migration ：移民 ）migrant ）immigrantv. migrate:迁移，迁徙migratory bird:候鸟none: no bodypeople s 民族if they had any: 即便是有his relatives,if he had
6、 any,never went to visit him when he was hospitalized.find out 千方百计，费尽周折exploremodern men :the men who were like ourselveshoweveranywhere you want ,加逗号but,yet不加标点，only at the beginning of the sentencetherefore自由so自由tool:小工具instrument:实验器械equipment:设备shape:成型；教育，改造may also have:表推测peel:果皮leather:皮革hi
7、de:兽皮 cowhide:牛皮without (any) trace:无影无踪L 2 Spare that spiderflocks and herds 牛群和羊群flCk/ the birds of the same feather flock together.物以类聚，人以群分you are the same flock.也可指人herd 多指牛群 cowherd cowboythrong and crowd swarmowe vt.感激欠 i owe you. i owe you a big favor. 欠 issueoblige indebt appreciate-常用口语词 正
8、式：grateful thankfulbeast n 兽形容人野蛮无比，不能用 animal 形容creature 可以指小孩，女人，不用于男性Fraction 小部分 分数，小数 a fraction of rice will sufficeon one s behalf 代表 利益I beat you on your behalf.我打你是为你好on behalf of somebody /somethinge.g on behalf of chinese government on behalf of representauthority /C:WCriti/ n.权威 authoriz
9、e 批准 authoritative 权威性的 authoritarian 独裁的tarian 带有这种词缀的词都是坏词 dictator 独裁者 dictatorial 独裁的authorities 权威（可单数可复数） 当局（复数）census /senss/ n.统计数据the fifth national population census. censor 审查censorious 挑剔的，挑刺的acre /eik/ n.英亩 acresquare metersfootball pitch 足球场 football yard football court football fieldb
10、e content with 满足于 满足作表语，不能出现定语结构He is content with status quo.contented heart :心满意足的人spare /spZ/ v. 不伤害，宽恕 spare me He doesnt spare himself.I spare no efforts to learn english.( spare no efforts: 不遗余力作什么)Notes on the textwhy, you may wonderyou may wonder why 插入语 先不管插入语，弄清句子结构you may wonder why spid
11、ers should be our friends？插入语位置不固定why 以疑问句 开头why,you may wonder,the problem of pollution befalls human beings.why,you may wonder,one of my friends is so kindhearted.destroy 程度比 damage 要重得多，片甲不留，消灭光tear into piecesgreatest enemies:天敌 dying enemy crying enemydear enemyhuman race:人的种族，一般不加复数，表示一个总称词imp
12、ossible 和 possible 永远不要以人开头It is impossible for somebody to do something.likely 可以以人做主语。i am likely to go. probable 也不以人做主语they would 表示假设devour 狼吞虎咽 devour the foodmake a cake of myself make a god of myself devour the bookit 虚拟语气 前面是主句，下面是条件句前面一般的加动词 devour,后面用一般过去时If it were not for:如果这不是因为I would
13、 not survive if it were not for his timely help.but for 一定是虚拟语气 if it were not forowe 感激，欠 i owe you.引出主题all of them put together:把他们堆到一起 谓语动词是 killdestroyed 后置定语，重心转到 spiderL 3 Mattonhorn1、 alpinist(1.1)/$lpinist/n登山运动员climber mountaineer词根：alp- Alps(1.16)/$lps/ n阿尔卑斯山脉 Alpine(1.9)/$lpain/adj阿尔卑斯山的
14、2、 attain(1.4)/+tein/ v到达to get toto arrive at/into attain ones goal=realizeto attain the top/peak/summit 达到顶点attain youth 永葆青春attainment (n) attainments 成就 accomplishment3、perilous(1.5)/peril+s/adj危险的 peril （随时可能出现的）危险avalanche 雪崩4、shudder (1.5)/M)d+/ v不寒而栗shudder:quick and suddentremble:long and v
15、ery obviousquiver:excitement ,maybe coldshiver: cold and nervous5、 go out of ones way 专门 by the way 顺路 too much for me 受不起6、 court （multiple meanings 多义词）1） 朝廷 朝臣 courtier2） courteous 彬彬有礼的3） 法庭4） 娱乐场 足球场 soccer/football court 高尔夫球场 golf court5） 追求6） 招致 骄兵必败 pride courts failure7、 solitary(1.6)/s&lr
16、t+ri/adj唯一的sol-独 solo 独唱 独奏solitude 孤独I live in solitude.=I live a lonely life.8、 pioneer(1.2)/?pai+n+/ v开辟，倡导；n先锋，开辟者9、 impoverish(11.9-10)/$mp&v+rM/v使贫困 poor（口语词）罗素名言：A great many man will cheerfully face inpoverishment if they can secure completeruin for their rival,hence present level of taxation.许多人会高兴的面对贫困，如果他
