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1、1中学英语语法精典总结 一 宾语从句：1.主句若是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况用适当时态。He says (that) he will have a walk soon.The teacher asks who is the cleverest in the school.I want to know who came here late this morning.2.主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时。He wondered if I would come. She told me that her son had got well.She said that she liked watc
2、hing TV. We thought Jim was wrong.3.无论主句是何时态，从句若表客观真理，要用一般现在时。Mr. Li said the moon is smaller than the earth.4.宾语从句无论有何引导词，都要用陈述句语序。Could you tell me when you will get back to Wuhan?（不是 will you）Do you know which sweater she is wearing? (不是 is she)二状语从句：1 主句若是一般将来时、祈使句或含不表过去的情态动词等，则 if(如果), unless(除
3、非)，when(当的时候), as soon as(一就)，before, after, until, till, as(当的时候)所引导的状语从句用一般现在时。You may take a rest when you finish doing your work.I will call you up if I leave for Shanghai next week.Wait for your brother at the bus station until he arrives.2 而主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时，如：I would give the money to the ch
4、arity if I had a million dollars.When he got to the park, his classmates had left.My son ran towards me as soon as he saw me on the street.3.定语从句：关系代词 who 只指人， which 只指物。that 既可指人又可指物。 whose 后必须跟有名词，既指人，也可指物。关系词作主语时，不可省略，作宾语时可省略。whom 只指人，只作宾语。关系副词 where 指“在那里”，when 指“在那时 ”。She is a girl who/that is
5、beautiful and kind-hearted. She is a girl (who/whom/that) I know very well.That boy whose hair is very long is my brother. (所属)The girl whois tall is my sister. / I own a bike whose price is high.I bought a watch (which/that) I paid 100 yuan for. （指物）I prefer a place which/that is clean and quiet.I
6、prefer a place where I can live a quiet life. （在这儿）2I shall never forget the day whena boy helped me find my dog.4.wish 和 hope:wish 可接 to do sth. /sb to do sth. /that 从句.I wish to spend my summer holiday in Qingdao. I wish youto join my party this Sunday.I wish (that) I could be a scientist. hope 接
7、to do sth. 或 that 从句. 但不接 sb to do sth.I hope to receive a letter from you some day.I hope (that) everything goes well. /I hope you will get well soon.5.thanks for 和 thanks to: Thanks for your helping me with the work.(表达对对方为自己做了某事的感谢，后无补充的结果。)Thanks to your suggestion, I didnt make such mistakes.(表
8、达感谢由于某方所做的有利的事，出现了后面的结果。)6.感官动词用法之一：see, hear, listen to, watch, notice, feel 等词，后接宾语，再接动词原形/ 动词 ing, 分别表示全过程和正在进行。句中有频率词时，以上的词也常跟动词原形。I heard someone knocking at the door when I fell asleep. (正进行)I heard someone knock at the door three times. (听的是全过程)I often watch my classmates play volleyball afte
9、r school. (频率词)若以上词用于被动语态，后面原有动词原形改为带 to 不定式：We saw him go into the restaurant with his wife. He was seen to go into the restaurant with his wife.7.感官动词用法之二：look, sound, smell, taste, feel 可当系动词，后接形容词。He looks . It sounds good. The flowers smell beauti l. The sweets taste sweet. The silk feels soft.
10、 I felt tired.这些动词不用于被动语态。The sweets are tasted sweet.是错误的。注意：如果加介词 like, 则后不可接形容词，而接名词或代词：He looks like his mother. That sounds like a good idea.It smells like a flower. It tastes like salt.8.find 和 think 部分用法: + 宾语 + 宾语补足语。(代替宾从 )宾补有以下情况：1.名词短语，John found his son a clever boy.2.形容词短语，Mrs. Smith th
11、inks her husband kind of lazy.3.有时宾补后可接带 to 不定式，I found it hard to fool the girl.39.would like/want/feel like: would like，和 want 类似：都可接名词短语：I would like/ want another three desks. 都可接带 to 不定式：I would like/ want to go out for a walk. 都可接 sb,然后再跟带 to 不定式:I would like you to give me a hand. feel like:
12、后也可接名词短语：Do you feel like some tea?后若接动词，须用动词 ing 形式：Do you feel like having a walk? I dont feel like drinking tea.【feel like 常用于疑问句或否定句中。 】10.词序易错的短语：1 形容词修饰不定代词或不定副词，形容词在后面。Is there anything delicious in the fridge? Nothing serious. There is something wrong with the computer.I want to go somewhere
13、 warm.2 else 修饰疑问词和不定代词、不定副词，也放在后面。What else can you see in the picture? Who else is in the room?Do you have anything else to say? Where else can you see it?3 enough 修饰形容词和副词，enough 放在后面。This sweater is cheap enough. Nemo is old enough to work.He ran fast enough to catch up with the dog.11.对“评价”、 “天
14、气”的提问之区别：What do you think of ?=How do you like ? “你对怎么看？ ”(How?句中有 like，是动词。) Whats the weather like in? = How is the weather in?“的天气什么样?”(What?句中有 like，是介词“像”。)12.take, cost, pay, spend 区别：1 It + take + sb + some time + to do sth.It took us half an hour to cut down the tree.2 物+cost+sb+钱: The bag
15、cost me thirty yuan. (cost, cost, cost)若 cost 后无 sb, 则译作“价钱是”：The bag costs 30 Yuan.3 人 + pay +sb + 钱+ for sth: I paid the seller 200 Yuan for the bike. (pay, paid, paid). (pay 后所加内容可视具体情况取舍。)4 人 + spend + 时间/ 钱 + on sth / (in) doing sth.The girl spent two hours (in) searching the Internet.The girl
16、always spends much money on her clothes.spend 有时可指“ 度过”：spend holiday/ weekends/ winter13.双宾结构：pass/ give/ teach/ offer/ lend/ send/ sell/ call/ show/buy/ask/ tell/ build 等可加双宾结构。 即后接 sb + sth.4其中 pass, give, offer, lend, send, sell, show 等可接 sth + to sb.buy, build 等可接 sth + for sb. 另外，若 sth 是代词时，不用双宾结构。Please pass it to me.14.部分词作连词与介词：（连词接句子，介词接名词或代词）Keep care l when you are listening to the teacher. （连词）Keep care l when listening to
