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1、2010 年高考英语知识点+考点+ 题型+演练（15）一、语言知识点：1. complain to sb about/of sthtake a complaint to sb about/of sth2. apologize to sb for （doing ） sth make an apology to sb=say sorry to sb3. on doing sthinsist+ 坚持，坚决要求that+（should） do认为，坚持说that+陈述语气4. It is no harm/good/use+doingIt is useless+doingIt is a waste（of
2、 time/money）+doing来源:学科网 ZXXKIt is worthwhile+doingThere is no good/use+in+doingThere is no use to do sth/for sthThere is no need to do sthThere is no doubt about/that-clauseThere is no sense+in+doing 来源: 学科网 ZXXK来源:Z,xx,k.ComThere is no point+in+doing来源:学科网5. be/get used to+doing=beome used to+doin
3、g：习惯于used to do sth：过去习惯于be used to do sth：被用来做6. for sale：待售on sale： 上市，减价7. How are you getting on/along with?：询问与人相处的情况如或某人工作或学习的进展情况如何。What doeslook like?：询问某人（物）外表看起来如何，侧重人或事物的外表。What islike?：询问人或物内在的品质、个性或外表，以及用来询问天气。What does sb like?：询问某人喜欢什么？来源:学科网 ZXXKHow do you like?=What do you think of?
4、：某人认为怎么样What are you?：询问某人职业？8. exchange sth for sth exchange sth with sbin exchange for：作为交换（和交换）9. view：眼界，视野，另外还可表示观点，风景等。image：指想像或心中的影像，意象 ，还可指肖像、形象。sight：视野，强调视域本身，是不可数名词。outlook：景色，指由里面向外看到的景色。10. in respec t of：涉及，关于respectful：尊敬的，有礼貌的respectable：体面的，有身份的respect （n./v. ）：尊敬11. trial and erro
5、r：反复实验，不断摸索be aware of：意识到，知道 allow for：考虑到be willing to do/that-clause+（should） do：愿意做in vain：徒劳drive off：驱赶stand on ceremony：拘于形式adjust （oneself/sth ） to sth：适应于来源:学+ 科+网participate in=take part in二、题型归纳阅读理解的解题要决三推理判断题本题型主要对短文的结论、隐含意义（寓意） 、作者的倾向、文章的论调、写作的思路及目的等进行考查，或对原文中没有提及的情况进行推理和想象。我们要在理解原文的基础上
6、纵观全文，汇集短文提供的各项信息，严格按照作者陈述的观点或描述的事实，进行正确地、合乎逻辑地推论和引申，从而选出符合原文信息或作者意图而不是我们主观认为合理的最佳答案。 1. 写作意图题。有些文章作者不点明自己的写作意图，而是让读者自己去体会，这种情况多出现在记叙文或夹叙夹议的文章中。例：ALBANY, New York- Students who rely on working at night to improve their grades might want to sleep on that strategy: a new survey in the U.S. says those w
7、ho never study all night have slightly higher grades than those who do.A survey of 120 students at St. Lawrence University found that students who have never pulled an all-nighter on average have higher grades than those who have. The survey found those who do not study through the night have a grad
8、e point average of 3.2 compared to 2.95 for those who have.Q: The purpose of the passage is to tell us_.A. the bad effects of pulling an all-nighterB. pulling an all-nighter leads to sleep problemsC. doubts about al l-nightersD. all-nighters hurt students grades分析这是一段科普阅读材料。主要介绍了一项研究 晚上突击学习的人成绩非但没有提
9、高，反而受到了影响，因此 D 项是作者的写作目的。A 项意义范围过大；B 项偏离了文章说明的中心内容；C 项意义过于模糊。 2. 态度倾向题。作者的态度倾向往往隐含在文章中，而不会明确说明，因此态度倾向题也是比较有难度的推理判断题型。这类题目一般分为两类：一是 作者对某一具体事物的观点、看法；另一类是作者对某一人、物的评价。议论文或记叙文往往考查作者的态度倾向。如果是议论文，应该抓住作者的论点和论据；如果是记叙文，应该特别注意作者总结性的文字。例：The NBA now has a serious im age problem; more than any other sport, its p
10、ulled in two opposite directions. As its been for years, whites make up a majority of the fans ; blacks make up a majo rity of the players. And as those players have benefited from ever-upward-spiraling（不断上升的） paychecks, theyve exercised their influence to shape the sight of the game around them in
11、their own image.The NBA has the potential to be a bridge between cultures, a way to bring both sides together in cheering some of the best athletes of any color. But its a fragile bridge indeed, where every black or white element apparently forces out its ethnic（种族的） opposite. And its not hard to im
12、agine a time when nobody will be interested in crossing over. Q: The authors attitude towards the NBA culture could be described as_.A. supportive B. doubtful C. critical D. neutral分析本文是议论文。分析全文，作者认为在 NBA 文化中，黑人文化与白人文化之间互相冲突，不利于 NBA 的发展，因此作者实际上是在对 NBA 文化进行批判。A 项是支持，B 项是怀疑，D 项是中立。3. 细节推断题。细节推断是根据文章中所
13、阐述的细节，运用基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而复出符合文章原意的结论的一种推断方法。此类题要求我们根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、具体信息等。解答此类题要从文章提供的信息出发，抓住关键的信息词，运用逻辑思维、哲学原理，并借助一定的常识，进行分析、推理、判断。进行细节推断，必须吃透相关文段的意思。 来源:学科网例：In many countries the standard of living enjoyed by their people had increased rapidly in recent years. Sadly, not everyone in th
14、ese countries is so fortunate and many people in rich countries are homeless. The reasons for homelessness are various, but poverty is undoubtedly one of the main causes. The homeless people may have become jobless and then unable to pay their rent and so no longer have a roof over their heads. Ofte
15、n, the fact that unemployed people get help from the government prevents this from happening, but not always.来源:Zxxk.ComSome cynics（愤世嫉俗的人） declare that homeless people choose to live the life which they lead. But who would willingly choose to live in a shop doorway, under a bridge or in a cardboard
16、 box?Q: It can be inferred from the text that_.A. you will not find homeless people in countries with a high standard of living.B. the mental ill live on the street because they want the company of other homeless peopleC. he unemployed who receive help may still be among the homeless来源:学&科&网 Z&X&X&KD. the homeless are willing to live under a bridge or in a cardboad box分
