《《新编简明英语语言学教程》教案 重要》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《《新编简明英语语言学教程》教案 重要（45页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、1河池学院课时计划（教案）学 院（系）专 业外语 年级（班级） 05 级 A 班 课程名称 基础语言学任课教师及职称卢贞媛讲师 时间 2007 年 3 月 15 日（第 1 周星期 1,2,3）第 节书名 编（著）者 版别及出版年月使用教材 新编简明英语语言学教程 戴炜栋、何兆熊 02 年 7 月第 1 版课 题（章节） Chapter 1课时安排 5 节教 学目 的let the students have the general idea about language and linguistics.教学重点难点I. design features of language ; II. so
2、me important distinctions in linguistics: Speech and writingDescriptive and prescriptiveSynchronic and diachronicLangue and paroleCompetence and performanceTraditional grammar and modern linguistics教学方法 Communicative Methods教学内容及过程作业或思考题Homework: exercises 3. 5. 6.教学后记2Chapter 1 IntroductionDate: Ma
3、rch 12, 2007Teaching aims: let the students have the general idea about language and linguistics.Teaching difficulties: design features of language ; some important distinctions in linguisticsTeaching procedures1. What is linguistics?1.1 DefinitionLinguistics is a scientific study of language. It is
4、 a major branch of social science.Linguistics studies not just one language of any society, but the language of all human society, language in general.A scientific study is one which is based on the systematic investigation of data, conducted with reference to some general theory of language structu
5、re.observation-generalization-hypothesis-tested by further observation-theory1.2 Main branches (scope) of linguisticsGeneral linguisticsthe study of language as a whole.1) main branchesphonetics 语音学 the study of sounds used in linguistic communicationphonology 音系学（音位学）- the study of how sounds are p
6、ut together and used to convey meaning in communication.morphology 词法学the study of the way in which these symbols are arranged and combined to form wordssyntax 句法学 the study of the rules which govern the combination of words to form grammatically permissible sentences in languages.semantics 语义学the s
7、tudy of meaning.pragmatics 语用学 the study of meaning in the context of language use 2) interdisciplinary (跨学科的)branches of linguistic studysociolinguistics the study of all social aspects of language and its relation with society. E.g. language used and social background(the difference between the ed
8、ucated and uneducated people); language used and certain occasion( formal and informal settings); language change and social change (new words)psycholinguistics it aims to answer such questions as how the human mind works when we use language, how we as infants acquire our mother tongue, how wee mem
9、orize, and how we process the information we receive in the course of communication.Applied linguistics findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the solution of such practical problems as the recovery of speech ability. The study of such applications is generally known as applied lingu
10、istics. In a narrow sense it refers to the application of linguistic theories and principles to language 3teaching, especially the teaching of foreign and second languages. 1.3 Important distinctions in linguisticsa. Descriptive vs. prescriptive “描写式”和 “规定式”They represent two different types of ling
11、uistic study. If a linguistic study aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, it is said to be descriptive; if the linguistic study aims to lay down rules for “correct and standard” behavior in using language, i. e. to tell people what they should say and what they should not sa
12、y, it is said to be prescriptive.Grammar prescriptive Modern linguistics descriptiveb. Synchronic vs. diachronic “共时”和 “历时”The description of a language at some point of time in history is a synchronic study; the description of language as it changes through time is a diachronic study. A diachronic
13、study is a historical study; it studies the historical development of language over a period of time.diachronic (historical study)c. speech and writing first learned and taughtd. langue & parole “语言” 和 “言语”The distinction was made by the Swiss linguist Saussure in the early 20th century. Langue refe
14、rs to the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community. (conventions and rules abstract not spoken by anyone stable)parole refers to the realization of language in actual use. (realizations of language concretea naturally occurring event changeable)langue: 1) the abstract s
15、ystem 2) it is social, a set of conventions3) relatively stable and systematicparole: 1) the actualization of language2) it is personal, it is the concrete use of conventions3) it is more variable and may alterWhat linguists should do is to abstract langue from parole, i. e. to discover the regulari
16、ties governing the actual use of language and make them the subjects of study of linguistics.Synchronic (modern linguistics)4e. Competence and performance 语言能力和语言运用The distinction is discussed by the American linguist N. Chomsky in the late 1950s.Competence-the ideal users knowledge of the rules of his language.Performance-the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication.f.
