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1、11. hardly seldom, barely, scarcely 等表示否定的词置于句首时，句子需要使用倒装句。否定或近似否定副词(往往是时间或频度副词，如never, rarely, seldom)，或是具有否定作用的副词，如 little, on no account 等。如：Never / Seldom has there been so much protest against the Bomb. 这么强烈的反对原子弹的抗议活动从未 / 很少 / 有过。Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他对这个会议的重要性
2、不甚了解。On no account must you accept any money if he offers it. 他如要给你钱，你可绝不能接受。当这种副词不在句首时，当然应该用正常词序：There has never / seldom been so much protest against the Bomb. 从未 / 很少发生过这么强烈的反对原子弹的抗议活动。He little realizes how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。另外，有些含有否定意义的介词短语置于句首时，其后也要用倒装。如：In no case shoul
3、d you give up. 你绝不能放弃。On no condition should we tell her about it. 我们绝不能把此事告诉她。On no accounts must this switch be touched.这个开关是绝 不能触摸的。In Under no circumstances will I lend money to him.无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。Under no circumstances should you lend him any money. 你无论如何都不该把钱借给他。No way will I go on working for
4、 that man. 我不再给那个人工作了。6.so / neither / nor表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，其句型是：so / neither / nor+特殊词+ 主语。使句此句型需注意以下几点：内容是肯定时，用 so，内容是否定时，用neither或nor；“特殊词 ”与前句中的情态动词、助动词或be相同，或根据前句的时态，用do, does, did；“特殊词” 的人称和数与其后的主语一致；“ 特殊词”本身没有否定形式。如：You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。If
5、 he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能。You arent young and neither am I. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。She hasnt read it and nor have I. 她没有读它，我也没有读。7. 当“ only状语”位于句首时，其后习惯上要用部分倒装。其中， only后的状语可以是副词、介词短语、从句等。Only in this way can we learn English. 只有这样才能学会英语。Only then did I understand what she meant. 只有到那时我才明白她的意思。Only by
6、 shouting was he able to make himself heard. 他只有叫喊才能让别人听到他。2注意，在only后作状语的是从句时，从句不要用倒装，要部分倒装的是主句。如：Only when it rains do you feel cool. 只有下雨时才觉得凉爽一点。Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。Only when we landed did we see how badly the plane had been damaged. 我们只是在
7、着陆之后才看到飞机损坏的严重程度。涉及让步状语从句的五类倒装请看下面一道考题：_, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may beC. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student这道题很有一定难度。具体说来，它主要涉及两个考点：一是让步状语从句倒装后的词序问题。让步状语从句之所以要采用倒装结构，主要是为了强调位于句首的名词、形容词、副词
8、、动词等，其词序形式为：被强调的成分+as / though + 主语+ 动词。二是在倒装的让步状语从句中，位于句首的单数可数名词是否带冠词的问题。按照英语习惯，英语中的单数可数名词在泛指时，一般要有不定冠词的修饰，但是位于倒装让步状语从句句首的单数可数名词是个例外，即使泛指其前也不加不定冠词。由此可知，上面这道考题的答案应为B。为了帮助同学们全面掌握让步状语从句的倒装用法，本文将这类语法现象归纳为以下五种句型：一、名词+as / though+主语+动词King as he was, he was unhappy. 他虽是国王，但他并不幸福。Child as he is, he knows
9、to help other. 他虽是个孩子，但却知道帮助别人。Teacher though he is, he cant know everything. 他虽然是老师，但也不可能什么都懂。【说明】其中的动词通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的名词是其后连系动词的表语。另外，要特别注意位于句首的名词前习惯上不用冠词，即使其前有形容词修饰也不用冠词。比较：Boy as though he is, he likes to play with girls.=Though Although he is a boy, he likes to play with girls. 他虽是男孩，却喜欢与女孩子玩。
10、Strong man as though he is, General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks.= Though Although he is a strong man, General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks. 波赛将军虽然坚强，但在过去的数周里也受到了严峻的考验。二、形容词+as / though+主语+动词Successful as he is, he is not prou
11、d. 他虽然成功，但不骄傲。Improbable as it seems, its true. 虽然看起来不太可能，但却是真的。3Stupid as it sounds，I was so in love with her that I believed her. 尽管听起来很愚蠢，我是如此爱她竟然相信了她的话。Patient as he was，he didnt like waiting that long. 他虽说有耐心，也不愿等这么长。Beautiful though the necklace was，we thought it was over-priced. 那条项链虽然很漂亮，我们认
12、为价钱太高。【说明】其中的动词也通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的形容词是其后连系动词的表语。三、副词+as / though+主语+动词Much as I like Paris, I couldnt live there. 尽管我喜欢巴黎，但我不能住在那里。Hard though they tried, they couldnt make her change her mind. 尽管他们做了很大努力，却没法让她改变主意。Fast as you read, you cant finish the book in two days. 尽管你读得很快，你总不能在两天之内就读完这本书。He was
13、 unable to make much progress, hard as he tried. 尽管他做了努力，却未能取得很大进步。【说明】有的词典将much as 作为习语看待，认为它是一个用以引导让步状语从句的复合连词。再如：Much as I admire him as a writer，I do not like him as a man. 他作为一名作家我很佩服他，但我却不喜欢他这个人。Much as I like you, I couldnt live with you. 我尽管很喜欢你 , 却不能和你在一起生活。四、动词原形+as / though+主语+动词Object as
14、 you may, Ill go. 纵使你反对，我也要去。Try as he might, he couldnt solve the problem. 尽管他想方设法，却未解决这个问题。Search as they would, they would find nobody in the house. 无论怎样搜查，他们在房子里仍然没有找到一个人。Dislike him as we may, we must acknowledge his greatness. 尽管我们不喜欢他，但必须承认他的伟大。Lose money as I did, we got a lot of experience.
15、 钱虽然丢了，我们却得到了许多经验。Fail in the election as he did, he became famous for his fiery speech against slavery. 尽管落选了，但他却以其反对奴隶制的激烈演说而出了名。【说明】主语后的动词通常为may, might, would, did 等情态动词或助动词(若表示情态意义，则选用情态动词；若陈述事实，则用did, do 等助动词 )。五、分词+as / though+主语+动词Raining hard as it is, Im going out for a walk. 虽然正在下着大雨，我还是要出
16、去散步。Surrounded as we were by the enemy, we managed to march forward. 虽然我们被敌人包围着，但我们还是设法前进了。Munching the apple as he was, he had got an eye for all Johns movements. 他尽管在一个劲地嚼着苹果，但仍警惕着约翰的一举一动。4【三条补充说明】1. 这类倒装的让步状语从句可用as, though 来引导，但不能用 although来引导；但是，未倒装的让步状语从句则可用though, although来引导，而不能用as来引导。也就是说，although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装，as引导让步状语从句时必须倒装，而though 引导让步状语从句时可以倒装也可以不倒装。如：虽然很晚了，但我们还是继续工作。正：Late as though it was, we still went on working. (from ww
