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1、介词(prep.)一、介词按其构成可分为:1. 简单介词:at, in, on, to, since, until 等。 Hes worked there since 1998.2. 复合介词:into, onto, out of 等。 She is out of school. 3. 二重介 词:from under, from behind, from out of, until after, except in 等。 Im from out of town. 4. 短语介词:because of, instead of, in spite of 等。Eg: I went back not
2、 because of the rain, but because I was tired.二、介词的作用:1. 表示地点:after, along, at, below, by, of, near, over, through, under 等。Eg: Near the village the boys are skating on the ice. They lay down under the shade of a tree. 2. 表示时间:about, after, across, at, during, for, in, of, till, until 等。Eg: After cl
3、ass he will tell us about the accident. The accident happened during the night. 3. 表示动作:at, across, around, on, over, under 等。Eg: The earth goes around the sun. The car is under repair. 4. 表示比较:as, like, above, over, with 等。如:Eg: She was something like her sister. Chinese is much more difficult in c
4、ontrast with English.5. 表示原因:about, for, from, with 等。Eg: Dont worry about my lessons. Business kept me from coming. He was angry with what I did. 6. 表示条件:to, with, without 等。Eg: Without your advice, he would have failed. 7. 表示手段、方式:as, by, in, with 等。Eg: He behaved as a drunkard. Learn the new word
5、s by heart. We see with our eyes. 8. 表示距离、数量:from, in, within 等。Eg: My house is ten miles from the school. They were thirty in all. 9. 表示目的:as, for 等。Eg: I only said it as a joke. Its time for class. 10. 表示让步:for, with 等。Eg: For all his effort, he didnt succeed. With all his money, he is unhappy. 注
6、:for 还可以引导插入语:I, for one, shall vote against the proposal. 三、介词的用法:1. 与形容词搭配的词组有:be afraid of(怕) be angry with(生某人的气) be away from(不在某地) be late for(迟到)be different from(与不同) be good at(善于) be good/ bad for (对有益/有害) be interested in(对感 兴趣) be/get ready for(为作好准备) be sure of (对有把握) be worried about(为
7、感到担忧)2. 介词后常用人称代词宾格和动词 -ing 形式3. 几组易混淆的介词 关于 时间前介 词的具体使用,如下:1)介词“on”表示在具体的某一天,某一天的上午、下午或晚上,或 对某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上进行详细的描述:on Monday afternoon on Monday on that day on a sunny day in November on Sunday on May 1st On New Years Day on weekends on the morning of the fifteenth on a warm day 2)“in”表时间段,即指在较长
8、的一段时间内,相当于 during年份:in (the year) 2012季节:in spring/summer/autumn/winter月份:in August in August 2012上下午:in the morning/afternoon/evening其他:in the winter holiday(s);in the daytime注 :“in + 一段时间”用于将来时(will + do),用 how soon 提问“in/over the past + 一段时间”,常用于现在完成时(have done)“since + 过去时间点”,常用于 现在完成时(have done
9、)“after + 一段时间”常用于一般过去时(did)3)at 表示在某一具体时刻或钟点,有 时也表示在某一节假日:at 8:30 at noon at night at the beginning of at first at dinner time at Christmas at/on the weekend at breakfast/lunch/dinner at 和 in: at 后常接小地点,如村庄、码头、机场、车站;in 后常接大地点,如国家、城市、地区等 in, on, to, off: in 在某区域范围内的位置;on 表示紧挨着的位置 ;to 表示有间隔的位置;off 用于
10、岛屿 after 指顺序先后 ;behind 指位置在某事物之后,相 对于 in front of 而言 on,in:on 表示在某事物表面上;如将事物看作空间,表示其内部,则用 prep. in from, off:都表示“ 离开”,但二者用法不同,off 常和 v.连用:The train starts from BJ. fall off the. above, over, below, under: over, under 表示垂直的上下位置关系,而 above,below 仅表示位置上的高低 between, among:between 表示(两个事物)之间;among 表示(三者或三
11、者以上)之间 in front of, in the front of: on, onto: on 表示“在.表面上”, onto 表示“ 到.上”Eg: A boat is on the river.He jumped onto a table.4. 动词、形容词、名词等常和介词构成固定搭配,在 这些 词后常要用一定的介词,如: v. + prep.: laugh at, wait for adj./p.p. + prep.: be interested in n. + prep.: play a visit to, the key to 一些其他短语:to ones surprise/jo
12、y; instead of; in bed/hospital; in trouble; in a hurry; in surprise; with a smile; according to; at once; on time; in time; in all; at home/school/work; at last; at least; in the end; by the way; for example; at the same time; at the speed of; on ones way ; in the sun; on the footballteam; with the
13、help of; in red; put on; look for; look after; run after; send for;pay for; show around; listen to; arrive at/in; agree with; succeed in; think of/about连词(conj.)一、含义:连接词与词、短语与短语或引导从句的虚词叫连词 。二、连词的分类:根据性质,conj.分为“并列 conj.”和“从属 conj.”1. 并列连词:连接并列的词、短语、从句或句子。主要用来表示并列、转折、 选择、因果推理关系等 表示并列关系的 conj.主要含有“和”、
14、“补充”、 “增加” 等含义。常见的有:and; both.and; either.or.;neither.nor.; not only.but also.; as well as 并列的双方是对等的,意义趋向一致的Eg: Robot as well as his parents_(be) going on holiday this summer. 表示 转折关系的并列 conj.有:but, yet, still, whileEg: The winter in BJ is very cold while that of Hangzhou is warm.We explained twice,
15、 still she couldnt understand. 表示选择关系的并列 conj.有:or; or else; otherwise; neither.nor.; either.orEg: You can come either on Monday or on Tuesday.Neither you nor I believes such things. 表示因果关系的并列 conj.有:so, for, then, therefore. 连接的双方互为因果,或前因后果,或前果后因Eg: We must be off now, for the match starts at 7:00.I had broken my glasses, so I couldnt see what was happening.注 :并列 conj.for 引导的分句只能放在句尾,前面用逗号隔开,表示补充说明的微弱理由,只是为前面的内容提供判断的理由,有时译为并列的某种形式。2. 从属连词:用于引导从句,种类繁多,主要有以下几种: 引导时间 状 语从句的从属 conj.主要有 when, while, as, the moment, before, after, till, until, since, as soon as 等 1)表示“当.时”或“每当”的时间 conj.主要有 whe