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1、Three major differences between Cervantes Institute and Confucius Institute on developmental patterns【Abstract】English hegemony urges the establishment of linguistic and cultural institutions of other languages including Spanish and Chinese. This essay aims to analyze the developmental patterns of C
2、ervantes Institute and Confucius Institute in order to manifest three major differences between them by comparison， which are distinctions on foundation， overseas partnership and operational modes. 【Key words】English hegemony； cross-cultural communication； Confucius Institute； Cervantes Institute 1.
3、 Introduction Under the pressure of globalization， nations have established tighter connections on economics， political affairs， and cultural communication. What globalization brings are not only benefits but also potential risks and threats， which contribute to weaker countries cultural constructio
4、n being corroded by stronger cultures. In the language domain， the unequal status lies in the English hegemony. In order to contour the worlds most popular and widely used language， many countries develop their linguistic strategies， like the establishment of Spains Cervantes Institute and Chinas Co
5、nfucius Institute. The former one was founded on May 11 in 1991 by the Spanish government focusing on Spanish culture and language， which has branched out in more than twenty countries and provided experiences for the construction of the first Confucius Institute in Seoul thirteen years later. On De
6、cember 7 in 2004， the Chinese government established the first Confucius Institute in Seoul in the model of Cervantes Institute. And that is the reason why the two institutes share many features in common， such as they are both official non-profit organizations named after their famous philosophers，
7、 they pursue their culture status via language liberty aiming at a higher national strategy： to strengthen their soft power and shape their reputation on the world stage. Although there exist similarities between the two organizations， compared with Cervantes Institute， Confucius Institute shows spe
8、cial characteristics in terms of the foundation of the institute， overseas partnership， and schooling practice. 2. Distinctions on the foundation Primarily， Confucius Institute is more like a governmental organization than Cervantes Institute. According to the official website of Cervantes Institute
9、， the administration of Cervantes Institute is subdivided into three parts： Board of Trustees， Board of Directors and the Director （Hanban， 2016）. Board of Trustees， also called Patronato in Spanish， not only contains members from the Spanish Monarchy and government representatives， but also twenty-
10、five elected members from cultural and language institutions including professors in universities， important cultural figures and so on. Likewise， Confucius Institute is one part of Hanban （The Office of the Chinese Language Council International） that is also called the Headquarter of Confucius Ins
11、titute. Parallel to the tertiary structure of Cervantes Institute， Hanban is like Board of Trustees； the council of Confucius Institute Headquarter is similar to Board of Directors； and the chief executive takes the same responsibility as the Director in Cervantes. However， there are many clear diff
12、erences between the administrations that reflect Confucius Institutes more bureaucratic characteristics. First of all， the leadership team in Confucius Institute does not consist of as many the members who are the key opinion leaders in the field of language and culture as Cervantes Institute does.
13、The headquarter of Confucius Institute， Hanban is “a group made up of members from state ministries and other organizations” （James F. Paradise， 2009： 651） ， which include the Ministry of Culture， the State Council， the Ministry of Foreign Affairs， and the Ministry of Education. Furthermore， the bac
14、kground information of leaders posted on the official website of Confucius Institute demonstrates that only one deputy director， Ma Jianfei had been engaged in teaching at Beijing Language and Culture University for 9 years. The other three leaders， Xu Lin， Jing Wei and Xia Jianhui have been doing p
15、olitical and administrative works all the time （Hanban， 2016）. In contrast， the Broad of Directors in Cervantes Institute contains 25 experts who help the decisions to be more professional， and more suitable to language overseas communication. Take the construction of the official websites for examp
16、le. The front page of Confucius Institutes website mainly focused on Chinese state leaders speech or activities concerned with Confucius Institute. Conversely， on the front page of Cervantes Institutes website， contents of Spanish courses， cultural activities and examination information occupy the most space. The above evidence strongly demonstrates the governmental characteristic of Confucius Institute differing from Cervantes Institute， which leads to worr
