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1、InstitutionLaboratory nameLocationHead/Responsible person Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)Use and maintenance of a centrifugeCode: Version: no.Date: of releasePage: 1 of 9Content1. Scope2. Definitions and abbreviations3. Personnel qualifications3.1 Medical fitness3.2 Education and training4. Proce
2、dure4.1 Principle4.2 Samples 4.3 Equipment and materials4.4 Reagents and solutions4.5 Detailed instructions for use4.6 Reading and recording4.7 Quality control and maintenance4.8 Waste management 5. Related documentsAnnex 1. Centrifuge logbookAnnex 2. Centrifuge maintenance logbookCompiled by Examin
3、ed by Approved by Replaced New versionName Code: Code:DateSignatureLaboratory area: No of copies: Reason for change:InstitutionLaboratory nameLocationHead/Responsible person Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)Use and maintenance of a centrifugeCode: Version: no.Date: of releasePage: 2 of 91. ScopeThi
4、s SOP describes the optimal operation of a centrifuge through regular servicing and preventive maintenance.2. Definitions and abbreviationsThe relative centrifugal force (RCF) is determined according to the formulaRCF = 1.12 x 106 x R x (rpm)2where: RCF is in gR = radius in millimetres from the cent
5、re of the rotating head to the bottom of the spinning centrifuge tuberpm = number of revolutions per minuteSedimentation efficiency must be determined in RCF (g, absolute value) and not in rpm, which is a measure of speed for a particular centrifuge head.To generate an RCF of 3000g, the required rpm
6、 is calculated from the formula :rpm = 1000(RCF/1.12R)CPC: cetyl pyridinium chlorideRCF: relative centrifugal force3. Personnel qualifications 3.1 Medical fitnessIn accordance with national laws and practices, arrangements should be made for appropriate health surveillance of TB laboratory workers:
7、before enrolment in the TB laboratory; at regular intervals thereafter, annually or bi-annually; after any biohazard incident; at the onset of TB symptoms.Ideally, individual medical records shall be kept for up to 10 years following the end of occupational exposure.Laboratory workers should be educ
8、ated about the symptoms of TB and provided with ready access to free medical care if symptoms arise.Confidential HIV counselling and testing should be offered to laboratory workers. Options for reassignment of HIV-positive or immuno-suppressed individuals away from the high-risk areas of the TB labo
9、ratory should be considered.InstitutionLaboratory nameLocationHead/Responsible person Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)Use and maintenance of a centrifugeCode: Version: no.Date: of releasePage: 3 of 9All cases of disease or death identified in accordance with national laws and/or practice as result
10、ing from occupational exposure to biological agents shall be notified to the competent authority.3.2 Education and trainingEducation and training must be given on the following topics: potential risks to health (symptoms of TB disease and transmission); precautions to be taken to minimize aerosol fo
11、rmation and prevent exposure; hygiene requirements; wearing and use of protective equipment and clothing; handling of potentially infectious materials; laboratory design, including airflow conditions; prevention of incidents and steps to be taken by workers in the case of incidents (biohazard incide
12、nts, chemical, electrical and fire hazards); good laboratory practice and good microbiological techniques; organization of work flow; waste management; use of equipment (operation, identification of malfunctions, maintenance).The training shall be: given before a staff member takes up his/her post;
13、strictly supervised; adapted to take account of new or changed conditions; and repeated periodically, preferably every year.4. Procedure4.1 PrincipleA centrifuge is intended to separate particles in a liquid by sedimentation. Dense particles sediment first, followed by lighter particles. In a TB lab
14、oratory, centrifuges are used for the sedimentation and concentration of tubercle bacilli within liquefied sputa or body fluids (usually urine).Note: To obtain a high sedimentation efficiency of 95%, i.e. 95% of bacilli recovered in the sediment and only 5% of bacilli still in suspension to be disca
15、rded with the supernatant, an RCF of 3000gmust be maintained for 1520 minutes.The centrifugation time and high speeds used to achieve effective sedimentation efficiency lead to heat build-up in the centrifuge and the specimen. To prevent cell death from overheating, the use of a refrigerated centrif
16、uge, operated at 8-10 C, is recommended. However, if specimens contain cetyl pyridinium chloride, centrifugation must be done at room temperature because CPC precipitates at lower temperatures.InstitutionLaboratory nameLocationHead/Responsible person Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)Use and maintenance of a centrifugeCode: Version: no.Date: of releasePage: 4 of 94.2 SamplesDecontaminated and liquefied specimens, high-volume effusions, watery specimen
