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1、08考研英语知识点每周答疑一、答疑之“七选五”分析：Long before Man lived on the Earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, insects, and some mammals. Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now.1).Very occasionally the rocks show im
2、pression of skin, so that, apart from color, we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago. That kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land, often of the plants that grew on it, and even of its climate.
3、2).Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action, and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water. Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of which we know nothing.3).There were also crablike creatures, whose b
4、odies were covered with a horny substance. The body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom, the other for swimming. The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes, often with thousands of lenses. They were usually an inch or two long but some were 2
5、 feet.4). Of these, the ammonites are very interesting and important. They have a shell composed of many chambers, each representing a temporary home of the animal. As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one. Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the Dors
6、et Coast.5).About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over and most of the groups died out. The mammals quickly developed, and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse. Many of the later mammals though now extinct, were known to primitive man and we
7、re featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings.AThe shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known.BNevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils. From them we can tell their s
8、ize and shape, how they walked, the kind of food they ate.CThe first animals with true backbones were the fishes, first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago. About 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared. They were giant, sometimes 8
9、feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, or formed. The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea, and in the air.DThe best index fossils tend to be marine creature.
10、There animals evolved rapidly and spread over large over large areas of the world.E The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. Later forms are more complex, and among these are the sea-lilies, relations of the star- fishes, which had long arms
11、 and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks.FWhen an animal dies, the body, its bones, or shell, may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud. If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud. More an
12、d more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved.GMany factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks. Remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression, or simply reduced to a more stable
13、form.试题分析本篇是一篇科普文章，介绍的是史前类动物。文章结构比较清晰，首先用一般性的介绍来引入史前类动物和记载它们形体和活动的化石，接下来的几段就逐渐按照进化的顺序来一一介绍各种动物。接下来我们具体分析一下五个空白处的内容。1、考查知识点：段落主题句子之间的逻辑联系先看空白处的位置（句中），再看一下空白处的上下文。上文讲的是许多生物都已经灭绝，没有后代生活在这个世界上。下文讲的是化石使我们了解了这些生物的形态。可以推断，空白处是一个衔接的句子，应该是从生物到化石介绍的过渡，再看选项中，ABE都提到了这两方面内容，但AE谈的是具体的一些生物，不是这段泛泛而谈的所有生物，因此不契合。B是正确
14、答案2.考查的知识点：下文的新信息本题考查寻找特征词的能力。在该题中，根据就近原则在该题后的句子中找到“the fossils”和“water action”为特征词。“the fossils”说明“fossils”一词是至少是第二次出现，因为它前面加了定冠词 the，通过仔细观察并不难发现， 2 以及其前面的内容中都没有 fossils，这就确定 fossils一词必定出现在 1， 2 中。根据意群相一致原则，在 2中必定要与“water action”同现或复现的语言点。综上所述，有同时满足以上两个条件的选项才是正确答案。虽然G项一开始就有“how fossils are preserve
15、d”, 但是G项讲的是动物遗体上的有机组织转化形式，没有提及水的活动。选项F中就多次提到水在化石形成过程中的重要作用，与上下文相符合3.考查的知识点：上下文衔接结构上的呼应本题选择的特征词是“also”。“also”表并列关系，这就证明在 3前面的句子中应当与 also后的 crab like creatures相并列，即空白处显然有关于另一动物的内容；从本段开始，文章转向讨论由低级高级变化(进化)中的动物。E项开始的部分是“The earliest animals whose remains have been found.”,符合文章写作的顺序。文中出现了 these are the se
16、a-lilies与下文的 there were also 相呼应。B项与上文相符，但与下文不符，且与全文结构不相吻合。4. 考查的知识点：上下文衔接段落主题本题选择的特征词是 these以及与其具有同指关系的 ammonites 和 They 。通过阅读4以后的两个句子不难发现，these，ammonites ，They 是指同一事物，意即有“shell”的事物。同时 4后一开始就有“Of these,.”,也就是说，空白部分应该有“some, several, many”或类似的词，答案只能是A。由于文中有了“The first animals”,为避免句式上的重复，作者改变句子起始的模式。这种做法很多见，因而也是考生阅读和写作中应该注意的。5.考查的知识点：上下文衔接该题目是一道简单试题，一方面这是一道段落题，这就决定了有可能选最长的选项为答案，另一方面根据就近原则在下一段首句中发现的 About 75 million years ago成为我们解题的关键。从
