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1、HPAM 酚醛树脂堵水剂性能评价 AbstractAt present, our country majority oil fields entered the water-injection development the mid and late part, as a result of the stratum anisotropic existence, moisture content year by year to rise, the productive rate reduces year by year, the oil field water shutoff appears e
2、specially important, therefore research blocking agent water shutoff performance especially important. This article has made the simple introduction in view of the present blocking agent particularly HPAM phenolics blocking agents development and the application; And has mainly studied the HPAM phen
3、olics blocking agent influencing factor, and obtains the massive data as well as the analysis result. This article knew through the experiment that in the HPAM phenolics blocking agent best formula as well as the formula the crosslinking agent, the temperature, the PH value and the inorganic salt ha
4、ve what influence to the blocking agent, namely becomes the rubber performance to the blocking agent (to become rubber time, to become rubber intensity). Moreover, also knows the HAPM phenolics blocking agent in actual oil deposit trap effect through the core experiment. The experiment proved the ge
5、latin performance of this blocking agent is good, formation condition gelatins quick, the stability is good, has certain viscoelasticity, under the low temperature condition the intensity is good. But receives the inorganic salt influence to be big, therefore is not suitable for the high hardness in
6、dex stratum. The core experiment also proved that this blocking agent has the good trap effect, the trap rate is high, is obvious to the penetration coefficient low stratum effect. Key words: plugging agent；polyacrylamide；phenolic resin；inorganic salt；jam ratI目 录第 1 章 概述 .11.1 油田生产中面临的出水问题 .11.2 目前对
7、于油田出水问题的解决方案 .21.3 国内外堵水技术的发展及研究现状 .4第 2 章 油田化学堵水剂 .72.1 堵水类型划分及选井选层 .72.2 堵水剂的分类 .82.3 堵水机理研究 .132.4 评价堵水指标 .18第 3 章 HPAM 酚醛树脂堵水剂 .203.1 聚合物性能特征 .203.2 聚丙烯酰胺的主要性质 .223.3 HPAM 酚醛树脂堵水剂性质 .233.4 HPAM 酚醛树脂堵水剂交联的反应原理 .243.5 HPAM 酚醛树脂堵水剂成胶性能的影响因素 .243.6 HPAM 酚醛树脂堵水剂性能评价 .25第 4 章 对 HPAM 酚醛树脂堵水剂的实验研究 .274.
8、1 配制聚丙烯酰胺溶液 .274.2 配制 HPAM 酚醛树脂堵水剂并优选配方 .274.3 不同温度的影响 .334.4 无机盐对 HPAM 酚醛树脂堵水剂成胶性能的影响研究 .354.5 岩心实验测堵剂堵塞率 .37结 论 .39参考文献 .40致 谢 .421第 1 章 概述1.1 油田生产中面临的出水问题1.1.1 油井出水原因注水开发的油田,特别是复杂断块油田，开采一个阶段之后,由于地层是多层且为非均质的,随着注入油层水量的增加,使得注入剖面很不均匀。有的区块含水量很高,而有的区块则注水效果不明显,甚至有的区块注入水很快沿高渗透层突破, 势必造成注入水在平面上向油井方向的舌进和在纵向
9、上向高渗层的突进现象。特别是在开发后期，水对高渗透层的冲刷，油藏孔隙结构和物理参数将发生变化，提高了它的渗透率,使地层的非均质性进一步扩大,致使油井大量出水,产能降低。油井出水是油田开发过程中不可避免要遇到的问题。油井采出液所含的水来自注入的驱替水、储油区的边水、储油圈闭中油层以下的底水。因此减少油井出水在油田开采过程中显得非常重要 1。1.1.2 油井出水情况分类根据水的来源可将油井出水分为同层水和异层水(外来水)。注入水、边水和底水属同层水。由于油层的非均质性和油水的流度比不同，随着油水界面的前进，注入水及边水可能沿高渗透层不均匀前进，纵向上可能单层突进，横向可能形成指进。油层出现底水时，原油的产出可能破坏油水平衡关系，使游说界面在井底附近呈锥形升高，形成底水锥进。异层水又叫外来水，可分为上层水、下层水和夹层岁。油井固井质量差、套管损坏引起流体窜槽或误射水层是异层水引起油井出水的主要原因。对付异层水，在可能的情况下，应该采取将水层封死的方法。同层水进入油井是不可避免的。边水内渗、底水锥进、注采失调是注入水效率低、油井含水率上升、原油产量大幅度下降的根源。所以，对油井出水应及时采取措施，以达到
