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1、各类作文结构四级作文主要涉及两个方面：一是与学生学习、生活相关的话题；二是与人们生活息息相关以及有关社会发展变化的热点话题。从体裁来看，四级作文主要以议论文和说明文为主，主要包括图表阐释类、说明现象类、对策方法类、对比分析类和观点论证类，叙事类和应用文。1. 图表阐释类作文结构图表阐释类作文一般需要考生描述图表或图画中的数据或画面，解释这些数据或画面反映出的裱花、现象或问题，并对其产生的原因、影响或存在的问题进行分析说明。例：Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the
2、topic Do Athletes and entertainers Deserve Such High Salaries?. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the chart and the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 对表格内容进行描述2. 说明出现这种现象的原因3. 你的观点下图为 2007 年福布斯中国名人榜部分收入排名姓名 姚明 刘翔 巩俐 刘嘉玲 胡军 余华职业 运动员 运动员 演员 演员 演员 作家排名 1 4 5
3、8 9 96结构公式陈列第一段 概述图表1.From the chart/graph/table/picture, we clearly learn that 总述现象、变化或问题。2.图表中初期的数据或情况。3.However, 图表中数据或情况的变化。第一段 概述图表1. 主题句：概括图表反映的总体现象、变化或问题。2. 扩展句一：概述图表中显示的初期的数据或情况3. 扩展句三：概述图表中数据或情况的变化第二段 说明原因4.The following reasons can account for 现象、变化或问题。5.First of all/ To begin with,第一点原因。6
4、. What is more/Moreover,第二点原因。7.In addition/Besides 第三点原因。第二段 说明原因4. 主题句：引出下文对原因的说明。5. 扩展句一：说明第一点原因。6. 扩展句二：说明第二点原因。7. 扩展句三：说明第三点原因。第三段 说明影响、问题或表达观点8.From my point of view/As for me, “我“的思考或看法。9.可能的影响、问题或注意事项一。10.Besides，可能的影响、问题或注意事项。11. Therefore/To conclude,作出总结。第三段 说明影响、问题或表达观点8. 主题句：“我”的思考或看法。9
5、. 扩展句一：第一点影响、问题或注意事项10.扩展句二：第二点影响、问题或注意事项11.结尾句：经常是提出建议或作出展望。参考范文Do Athletes and entertainers Deserve Such High Salaries?1. From the chart above we can see that athletes and entertainers earn much more than writers. 2. Yao Ming, as the most famous basketball star, is the richest while the famous wri
6、ter. 3. Yu Hua has lagged far behind.4. The major reason for this phenomenon is that athletes and 点评这是一篇图表作文题。文章第一段描述表格，得出结论：体育、娱乐明星收入远远超过作家。entertainers get more attention from the public than the writers, and by taking advantages of their fames they can earn money through ads very easily. 5. As we
7、 know, writers cannot be more popular than sports or movie stars.6. Maybe some people think that this is unfair, for in their opinion, scholars should earn more than stars. 6. But I dont think so. 7. First, the stars salary is just an indication of their hard work and fierce competition; and whats m
8、ore, the stars splendid career is rather short and many of them have to retire even before their thirties. 8. Finally, the stars bring us so much pleasure and fun, and release us form stressful life. 9. To sum up, they indeed deserve what they have got.第二段具体分析了产生这种现象的原因。注意 The reason for sth. Is tha
9、t 结构，用来陈述原因。第三段进行总结，说明明星获得高收入的原因，指出他们对此当之无愧。注意连接词 First, What more, Finally, To sum up 的使用，使得文章结构更加紧凑，行文流畅。2. 说明现象类作文结构说明现象类作文一般是需要考生描述所给提纲中反映出的现象的总体情况，对该现象的原因、相关因素或影响进行解释说明，并分析该现象中可能存在的问题或将来的发展趋势。例：Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic of The Cel
10、evration of Western Festivals. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 现在国内有不少人喜欢过西方的某些节日。2. 产生这种现象的原因。3. 这种现象可能带来的影响。结构公式陈列第一段 描述现象1. nowadays/In recent years, 概述现象。2. 现象表现。3.In addition/Also, 进一步描述现象表现或变化。第一段 描述现象1. 主题句：概括
11、指出现象2. 扩展句一：现象的具体表现或变化3. 扩展句二：进一步说明现象的表现或变化第二段 说明原因4. Many different reasons contribute to 该现象。/There are many different factors 决定该现象。5. Among them, 第一点原因或因素 play/plays a critical role. 6. Moreover,第二点原因或因素。7. Besides, 第三点原因或因素或说明影响4. 该现象 has brought great influence on 影响对象。5. firstly，第一点影响。6.secon
12、dly，第二点影响。7. Finally，第三点影响。第二段说明原因4. 主题句：引出下文对原因的说明。5. 扩展句一：说明第一点原因6. 扩展句二：说明第二点原因7. 扩展句三：说明第三点原因或说明影响4.主题句：引出下文对影响的说明5. 扩展句一：说明第一点影响6. 扩展句二：说明第二点影响7. 扩展句三：说明第三点影响第三段 总结评述8. In my opinion/As for me, 本人对现象的总结或述评。9.具体作出评述.10 进一步作出评述.11. 作出总结。第三段 总结评述8. 主题句：可能现象的发展趋势或利或弊评述，或是本人对现象的看法。9. 扩展句一：具体评述10. 扩展
13、句二：进一步评述11. 结尾句：总结全文（有时可以略去参考范文In recent years many Chinese people like to celebrate western festivals. Even some youngsters are paying （1）as great attention to Christmas （1）as our Spring Festival.（2） In addition, other western festivals, like April Fools day and Valentines Day, are 点评a) 意为“或.一样”，同级
14、比较b) 衔接词语使文章条例清晰、意思连贯。very popular among Chinese people.（3）Many reasons contribute to this phenomenon. Among them, relaxing and comfortable atmosphere from western festivals plays a critical role.(2 ) Moreover, more and more Chinese people begin to learn English,（ 4） which provides them with more ch
15、ances（5） to be exposed to western culture and festivals. （2）Besides, many businessmen desperately try to boost the atmosphere of foreign festivals to attract more customers.（6）As far as I am concerned, our paying too much attention to western festivals will（7） bring some side effects. The popularity
16、 of western festivals（8） to some extent has influence our traditions. （2）Therefore, I suggest that people should（9） not（10） be immersed too much in the western festivals （9）but ignore Chinese traditional festivals.c) 益处原因重用句式d) Which 引导非限制性定于从句。e) 意为“暴露于”。f) 用于引出个人观点。g) 意为“带来负面影响”h) 意为“在某种程度上i) 意为“不是.而是.”，连接并列结构。j) 意为“过分沉浸在.中”。3. 对策方法类作文结构对策方法类作文一般需要考生描述提纲中所反映的问题，说明问题的危害和解决问题的必要性，然后针对该问题提出应对策略或解决方法。例：Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minu
