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1、仅做参考好好学习，天天向上Unit 1Straddling Cultural Divides With Grace优雅的跨越文化差异1 Why is it that you study a foreign language, you never learn the little phrases that let you slip into a culture without all your foreign edges exposed? Every Chinese-language textbook starts out with the standard phrase for greetin
2、g people; but as an American, I constantly found myself tongue tied when it came to seeing guests off at the door. An abrupt goodbye would not do, yet that was all I had ever learned from the awful books. So I would smile and nod, bowing like a Japanese and groping frantically for words that would s
3、mooth over the visitors leaving and make them feel they would be welcome to came again. In my fluster, I often hid behind the skirts of my Chinese husbands graciousness.为什么在你学习一门外语的时候，你从来没有学习一些能够要你不露外国痕迹的融入一种文化。没有本中文课本都以问候的标准短语开头；但是作为一个美国人，我常常发现在我送别客人时，我的舌头被捆住了。一句唐突的再见通常不起作用，那些话语是我在那糟糕的课本中没有学到的。因此我微
4、笑、点头、像日本人一样鞠躬，快速的寻找能够平缓使客人离开同时让他们感觉到他们下次是受欢迎的词语。在慌乱中，我经常躲在我丈夫的娴熟表达的技巧后面。2 Then finally, listening to others, I began to pick up the phrases that eased relations and sent people off with a feeling of mission not only accomplished but surpassed.最后，我通过听他人说，开始能够运用一些短语缓和关系，同时不但完成送他人离开同时超额完成任务。3 Partings
5、for the Chinese involve a certain amount of ritual and a great deal of one-upmanship. Although, Im not expected to observe or even know all the rulers, as a foreigner, Ive had to learn the expression of politeness and protest that accompany a leave-taking.中国的道别包括大量的礼仪以及大量的繁文缛节。作为一外国人，我不被期望遵照或者知道所有的礼
6、仪；但是我还是要学习一些礼貌的表达以及告别时的伴随。4 The Chinese fee l they must see a guest off to the farthest feasible pointdown flight of stairs to the street below or perhaps all the way to the nearest bus stop, Ive sometimes waited half an hour or more for my husband to return from seeing a guest off, since hes gone t
7、o the bus stop and waited for the next bus to arrive.中国人认为必须把客人送到尽量远的的地方送下几个楼层直到地面，或者可能到最近的公交车站。有时候从我的丈夫送客人到他回来，我要等半个小时或者更长的时间，因为他送到车站又等到车离开才回来。5 For a less important or perhaps a youngest guest, he may say, “I wont see you off , all right?”And of course the guest assures him that he would never thi
8、nk of putting him to the trouble of seeing him off.”Dont see me off! Dont see me off!”对于一个不重要的或者年轻的客人，他可能会说：“我不送你了，好吗？”当然客人会确信他不想麻烦他送他“不用送，不用送。 ”6 Thats all very well, but when Im the guest being seen off, invariably my protests are to no avail, and my hostess or host, or both, insists on seeing me
9、down the stairs and well on my way, with our going through the “Dont bother to see me off” ritual every my landing. If I try to go fast to discourage them from following, they are simply put to the discomfort of having to flee after me. Better to accept the inevitable.送客道别已经很好了，但是当我是客人的时候，我的拒绝通常不起作用
10、，女主人或男主人或者他们两个坚持送我下楼，踏上回家的路，尽管没下一层楼梯我都说“不用麻烦送我了” 。如果我通过加快速度阻止他们跟上我，他们会不舒服的快速跟上我。所以最好接受送别。7 Besides, thats going against Chinese custom, because haste is to be avoided. What do you say when you part from someone?“Go slowly.”Not farewell or Godspeed, but “Go slowly.”To the Chinese it means “take care”
11、 or “Watch your step” or some such caution, but translated literally it means“Go slow.”因为匆忙是要避免的，那是与中国的习惯不符的。当你送客是你会说什么？“慢走” 。不是再见或者快点到家，而是“慢走” 。对于中国人来说意思是”小心“或者谨慎，但是照字面意思是“慢慢走” 。8 That same “slow” is used in another polite expression used by the host at the end of a particularly bountiful and delic
12、ious meal to assure his guest what a poor and inadequate host he has been.同样的“慢“被主人用于另外一个礼貌表达中，即在一个特别丰盛美味的用餐后主人对客人说没有适合的充分的准备。9 American and Chinese cultures are at polar opposites. An American hostess, complimented for her culinary skills, is likely to say, “oh, Im glad you liked it.I cooked it esp
13、ecially for you.”Not so a Chinese host or hostess (often the husband does the fancy cooking),who will instead apologize profusely for giving you“nothing” even slightly edible and for not showing you enough honor by providing proper dishes.美国和中国的文化处于两个极端。当一个美国的女主人受到客人的赞扬他的厨艺时，他会说”很高兴你喜欢，我是专门为你做的“。不像中
14、国的主人，他们会觉得很抱歉，因为没有什么可食用，以及因为没有提供合适的用餐以致没有照顾好你。10 The same rules hold true with regard to children .American parents speak proudly of their childrens accomplishment ,telling how Johnny made the school team or Jane made the honor roll .Not so Chinese parents, whose children, even if at the top of thei
15、r class in school, are always so“naughty”, never studying, never listening to their elder ,and so forth.同样的规则适用于孩子。美国的父母以孩子的成就为骄傲，比如：Johnny 参加了校队或者Jane 是中学生的优秀学生。中国父母却不是这样，即使他们的孩子在班级里名列前茅，也常常被说成淘气、不学习、不听长辈的话等。11 The Chinese take pride in “modesty”；the American in“straightforwardness” .That modesty h
16、as left many a Chinese hungry at an American table, for Chinese politeness calls for three refusals before one accepts an offer, and the American hosts take a “no” to mean “no”, whether its the first, second, or three times.中国人以谦虚为骄傲；美国人则以坦诚为荣。谦虚使中国人在美国的餐桌上挨饿，因为中国人的礼貌是拒绝三次后接受，但是美国人以为“不”就是拒绝，不过第一次、第二次或第三次。12 Recently，a member of a delegation sent to China by a large American corporation complained to me about how the Chinese had asked
