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1、 学校代码 10406 分 类 号 R134 密 级 学 号 G08430130001 题目 某铜冶炼厂车间环境空气污 染特征研究及其防治对策 作者 田 月 学科、专业 环境工程 指 导 教 师 刘小真 申请学位日期 2011 年 12 月 学校代码： 10406 分类号： R134 学号： G08430130001 南昌航空大学 硕 士 学 位 论 文 （学位研究生） 某铜冶炼厂车间环境空气污染特征 研究及其防治对策 硕 士研究生： 田 月 导 师： 刘 小 真 教授 申请学位级别： 硕 士 学科、专业： 环 境 工 程 所在单位： 环境与化学工程学院 答辩日期： 2011 年 12 月 授
2、予学位单位： 南昌航空大学 Research of air pollution characteristics and control measures in the workshop environment of a copper smelter plant A Dissertation Submitted for the Degree of Master On Environmental Engineering By Tian yue Under the Supervision of Prof. Liao Xiaozhen College of Environmental and Chem
3、ical Engineering Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, China Dec,2011 I 摘 要 铜冶炼过程中，车间环境主要存在烟尘（铜、铅、镉、砷等）、 SO2、硫酸雾等空气污染物，这些污染物 会通过呼吸、皮肤接触对作业人员的身体健康 构成危害。基于某 铜冶炼厂的工程分析 ， 找出污染物危害的关键控制点；结合现场监测与实验室分析，探讨 各工段车间环境空气中 重金属污染 、 SO2、硫酸雾 等污染 的特征； 同时，收集职业人群年龄、工龄、岗位等信息，采集作业人员血、尿等生物样品，分析血铅、血镉和尿砷等参数； 采用 SPSS16.0、 E
4、xcel2003软件进行数据 处理与 统计分析 ；探讨 车间空气污染物 的来源， 综合评价车间空气污染 物 的分布特征 以及 对作业人员身体健康的影响。结果表明： （ 1） 由 工程分析和现场调查 得出， 熔炼车间 主要污染物为 熔炼过程中产生的含重金属的烟尘 、 SO2；硫酸车间污染程度相对较高，主要污染物为烟气中的 SO2和硫酸雾； 电解车间及阳极泥处理车间酸性溶液贮槽露天布置形成了 无组织酸雾面源；阳极泥处理车间主要污染源是重金属烟尘 、 SO2；亚砷酸生产是湿法过程，主要的污染物是砷及其化合物和 硫 酸雾。 （ 2） 车间 环境 空 气污染以重 金属 、 SO2 为主。 车间 环境 空
5、气中的 重 金属污染主要集中在熔炼车间，其中铜的浓度范围是 0.0010.268mg/m3，铅 的浓度范围是0.0300.135mg/m3 ，镉 的 浓 度 范围 是 0.0200.630mg/m3 ， 砷的 浓 度 范 围 是0.0010.227mg/m3，浓度均值大于阳极泥处理车间； SO2 污染分布比较广，熔炼车间的浓度范围是 0.2515.51mg/m3， 高于车间外环境 ，也高于其他车间 ；电解车间砷化氢污染较为严重，浓度范围是 0.0300.214 mg/m3；电解车间硫酸雾浓度范围是 0.130.98 mg/m3，均值 高于 其它车间 。 （ 3） 铅污染对作业人群的危害较大。
6、整体 血铅 浓度与 年龄、工龄 相关性不 显著 (P 0.05)，但回转窑、金银电解工段职工血铅浓度 与 年龄相关性显著（ P 0.05），回转窑工段 血铅浓度 与 工龄相关性显著（ P 0.05），男性组与女性组间血铅浓度差异 有极 显著性 意义 (P 0.01)，男性组血铅水平显著高于女性组水平； 血镉 浓度与 年龄、 工龄相关性不显 著 (P 0.05)； 尿砷 浓度与年 龄、工龄的相关性不显著 (P 0.05)， 男性组与女性组间 尿砷 浓度不存在显著性差异 (P 0.05)。 （ 4）冶炼厂采 取了 较为先进 的 环保 措施， 采取的管理措施在环境监管方面起到 了 积极作用。 关键词
7、 : 车间 环境 ， 空气污染 特征， 重金属 ， 健康效应 II Abstract Smoke dust(copper,lead, cadmium, arsenic, etc.), SO2 and sulfuric acid mist are main air pollutants in the workshop environment of copper smelting process,which are harmful to workers health absorbed by breath and skin exposure. Based on engineering analysi
8、s of a copper smelting plant, the critical control points of hazardous pollutants was identified. The pollution characteristics of heavy metal, SO2 and sulfuric acid mist of workshop environment air in the different section was discussed combined with on-site monitoring and laboratory analysis. The
9、information such as age, working age and post of occupational population was collected. The biological samples such as blood and urine of workers were collected and analyzed based on the parameters such as blood lead, blood cadmium and urine arsenic. The above data Processing and statistical analysi
10、s were done by SPSS16.0 and Excel2003. The air pollutants sources in the workplace environment were discussed. The distribution characteristic of aerial contaminant in the workplace and the impact on workers health were evaluated synthetically. The results are as follows: (1) By the engineering anal
11、ysis and scene investigation, major pollutants were smoke dust containing heavy metals produced during smelting and SO2 in smelting workshop. The pollution level was relatively high, major pollutants were SO2 in flue gas and sulfuric acid mist in sulfuric acid workshop. The storage vat containing ac
12、id solution was open layout, which led to the non-organizational acid-mist areal source in electrolysis workshop and anode mud treatment workshop. Major pollutants were smoke dust and SO2 in anode mud treatment workshop. Arsenious acid production was wet process, arsenic & its compounds and sulfuric
13、 acid mist were its major pollutants . (2) Heavy metals and SO2 were major pollutants in the workshop environment. Heavy metal pollution was mainly concentrated in the melting workshop, the concentration ranges of copper， lead， cadmium and arsenic were 0.0010.268mg/m3, 0.0300.135mg/m3, 0.0200.630mg/
14、m3and 0.0010.227mg/m3 respectively. The mean concentrations of which were higher than those of the anode mud treatment workshop. SO2 distribution was wide in the air, its concentration range of melting workshop were 0.2515.51mg/m3 higher than that of the external environment of workplace, also highe
15、r than that of other workshops. Arsine pollution was serious in electrolysis workshop( 0.0300.214mg/m3). The concentration range of sulfuric acid mist in electrolysis workshop were 0.130.98mg/m3, the mean concentration of which was III higher than that of other workshops. (3) It is very harmful for
16、workmen exposing to lead pollution. The overall level of blood lead was not apparently correlated with age or working age(P 0.05), but the blood lead of the workers of both rotary kiln and bullion electrolysis section had correlation with age（ P 0.05） , the blood lead of the workers of rotary kiln section had corr
