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1、- 1 -turn 构成的短语1、turn 构成的短语turn out 结果是、变成；turn against 反戈一击、反对，对不满；turn back 打退堂鼓，返回；turn down 拒绝；把（音量等）放低，开小；turn off 关上（收音机、龙头等）；离开（公路等）；对失去兴趣，反感；turn on 开（收音机等），使感兴趣，吸引，向进攻，责怪；turn out 结果是、最后情况是，关（电灯、煤气等），生产、造就；turn over 移交，随便翻阅；turn in 上交某物，交回；turn into 变为；turn to sb. 寻救帮助，查阅资料，努力于、加劲干；turn up
2、来赴（宴、开会），出现，把（音量）放大，使作呕。如：There was no body that I could turn to. 当时没有一个人能帮助我。Please turn off the TV set. Its wasting power. 把电视关了吧，太费电啦。Things turned out to be smoothly developing. 事情结果正常发展。Our suggestions were turned down at the meeting. 会议没有采纳我们的建议。turn 当名词用时，意为“轮到某人干，转折；倾向；作风”等意思。如：She went hot
3、and cold by turns. 她一阵热，一阵冷。by turns 轮流；一阵，一阵；out of turn 不该谁干，不合时宜；do sb.a good(bad)turn 帮了某人的忙（倒忙）。turn to 其中 to 为介词。- 2 -（1）转向He turned to me and said hello to me. 他转向我向我问好。（2）查阅；求助于If you are in trouble,please turn to me. 如果你有麻烦，请找我。2、up 的用法：adv.守全，彻底Time is up. 时间到了。Have you used up you money? 你的钱用完了吗？常用短语：eat up 吃光；tear up 撕掉；use up 用光；lock up 锁住；burn up 烧光；get up 起床；up and down 上上下下，来来往往。up until该结构意为“一直到为止”，谓动常用完成时态。如：Up until yesterday two sides had agreed on all the items of this contract.3、wasteIt is a waste of time/money to do sth. 干浪费时间（钱）Its a waste of time to fix this watch.
