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1、2013 届新课标高考英语精华知识点终极解密专题 04 情态动词情态动词表示说话人对动作或状态的各种观点和态度，如需要、猜测、意愿或怀疑等。情态动词有词义，但不完全，是所谓的“辅助性”动词，在句中不能单独充当谓语。一、 情态动词的特征和形式A. 情态动词的各种形式见下表：情态动词 否定式 简略否定式maymightcancouldmusthave toought towillwouldshallshouldneeddareused tomay notmight notcannot can notcould notmust not do not have toought not towill n
2、otwould notshall notshould notneed notdare notused not todid not use tomaynt（老式英语，现在不常见）mightntcantcouldntmustntdont have tooughtnt to （否定句中 to 可省略）wontwouldntshant （只用于英国英语）shouldntneedntdarentusednt todidnt use toB情态动词除 ought to, used to 等外，后面只接不带 to 的不定式。1情态动词+doYou shouldnt be so careless. 你不该这样
3、粗心大意。Jessica told him yesterday she might not go on the trip.杰西卡昨天告诉他，她可能不去旅行了。Difficulties can and must be overcome. 困难能够而且必须克服。2情态动词+be doingShe must be listening to pop music. 她肯定在听流行音乐。You should be reviewing your lessons. 你应该在复习功课。My mother maymight be cooking now. 我妈妈可能正在做饭。3情态动词+have doneThey
4、 might have visited the Great Wall. 他们可能参观过长城了。He must have got up very early to catch the train. 他一定起得很早去赶火车了。You ought to have come earlier. 你本该早一点儿来。4情态动词+be doneThis word can also be used as a verb. 这个词也可以用作动词。Something must be done to stop pollution. 必须采取措施来制止污染。The work ought to have been fini
5、shed long ago. 这工作早就该完成了。C. 情态动词第三人称单数一般现在时没有词形变化。You ought to wear a raincoat. 你应该穿件雨衣。She ought to wear a raincoat. 她应该穿件雨衣。Plants must have oxygen in order to live. 为了存活植物必须有氧气。A plant must have oxygen in order to live. 为了存活植物必须有氧气。D. 情态动词的时态并不是区分时间的主要标志。在一些场合中，情态动词的现在式和过去式都可以表示现在时间、过去时间或将来时间。Im
6、afraid it might rain tonight. 我看今晚可能要下雨。Could I borrow your thermos？ 我可以借用你的暖水瓶吗？Its a nice day today. We could go for a walk. 今天天气不错，我们可以出去散散步。 E. 情态动词是互相排斥的，一般不允许两个意义相近的情态动词连用。【误】Soldiers must have to obey orders. 【正】Soldiers have to obey orders. 军人必须服从命令。【正】Soldiers must obey orders. 军人必须服从命令。【误】
7、Can I be able to borrow two books at a time?【正】Can I borrow two books at a time? 我能一次借两本书吗？【正】Will I be able to borrow two books at a time ? 我能一次借两本书吗？二、 情态动词的意义和用法A. may 和 might1表示请求、许可，常译为“可以”。在口语中可用 can, could 代替 may，但在正式场合用 may。表示允许时，也可用 might 代替，might 不表示过去时，而是表示口气比较婉转。You may take this seat if
8、 you like. 如果你喜欢可以坐这个位置。May/Can /Could/ Might I have a talk with you ? 我可以和你谈谈吗？- May/Might I come into the room to see my mother? 我可以进房间看我母亲吗？- No, you mustnt. She needs to have a good rest. 不，你不能进。她需要好好休息。提示：May I . 问句常见的肯定回答和否定回答。肯定回答 Yes, please. Certainly. Yes, of course. Sure. Go ahead, please
9、. 否定回答 No, you cant. （最常见）No, you mustnt. （具有强烈禁止的意思）Please dont. Youd better not. I dont think you can. Im sorry its not allowed.2表示推测，可译为“可能，也许”。Your math teacher maymight be in his office. 你们的数学老师可能在办公室里。（一般情况下，might 表示的可能性很小）The light isnt on. It maymight be broken. 那盏灯没有亮，它可能坏了。There may might
10、be some ink left in the bottle. 瓶子里也许还剩点儿墨水。注意：用 may 表示推测一般不用于疑问句，在疑问句中通常用 can 来代替。Can he be at home? 他可能在家吗？- Can it be true? 这可能是真的吗？- It may be, or may not be. 可能是，也可能不是。3用在目的状语从句中，构成谓语。He wants to take a taxi so that he may get there in time.他想坐出租车，这样他就能及时到达那里。I arrived at the airport earlier in
11、 order that I might meet him.我早早地就到了机场为了能接到他。4 有时可以用于祈使句表示祝愿。May you succeed. 祝你成功 May you be happy. 祝你快乐。May that day come soon. 希望这一天早日到来。 B. can 和 could1 表示能力，可译为“能，会”。I can swim. 我会游泳。Emily can dance well and her mother could dance well when she was young.艾米丽舞跳得很好，她妈妈年轻时舞跳得也很好。The cinema can sea
12、t 1,000 people. 这电影院能容纳 1，000 人。I could not read such an easy book when I was 7 years old.我七岁时连如此简单的书我也看不懂。2 表示允许、许可，常用在口语中。could 比 can 语气上要客气。- Could I use your dictionary? 我可以用一下你的字典吗？-Yes, go ahead. 可以，用吧。（或 Yes, you can. 但不能说 Yes, you could.）Could Can you tell me how to get to the zoo? 劳驾，你能告诉我怎
13、么去动物园吗？He asked me whether he could take the book out of the reading room.他问我可不可以把书带出阅览室。3表示推测，可用于肯定句（can 罕见）、否定句和疑问句，但更常见于疑问句或否定句。在此种用法中 can 和 could 没有时态的区别，只是表示可能性的大小，can 表示推测的可能性比 could 大。Can he be ill at home? 他会是生病在家吗？Can the story be true? 这个故事会是真的吗？He cannot be at home. 他不可能在家。You mustnt smok
14、e while you are walking around in the woods. You could start a fire.在林子里走时一定不要吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。4表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心？Where can could they have gone? 他们会去了哪里？He cantcouldnt be over sixty. 他不可能超过 60 岁。5Could 可以用在虚拟条件句中。If I could fly, I should be very happy. 如果我能
15、飞， 我会很高兴。If you had followed my advice, you could have finished it.如果你当时听我的，你早就做完了。If you had tried harder, you could have passed your exam.如果你再努力些，你就能通过考试了。can 与 be able to 的区别can 表示“能力” 时，和 be able to 相当，许多场合都可以互相替换。但当叙述过去经过一番努力才能完成的事情或前面有特殊说明，表示你有能力时，只能用 be able to。【正】Can you speak any foreign la
16、nguages? 你会说外语吗？【正】Are you able to speak any foreign languages? 你会说外语吗？【误】The fire spread the building quickly but everybody could escape. 【正】The fire spread the building quickly but everybody was able to escape.大火迅速蔓延到整幢大楼，但大家都逃了出来。【正】The fire spread the building quickly but everybody managed to escape. 大火迅速蔓延到整幢大楼，但大家都想法逃了出来。be
