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1、Lesson 7,Translation of Negation, Numerical & Multiple,1,7.1 Translation of Negation,Negation in form and meaning/sense,2,7.1.1 Complete Negation A) “no, not, nobody, none, nowhere, neither, nor” ,etc. - negative (Chinese)e.g. Apart from the obviously arithmetical work like pay calculations, there i
2、s much work which can be put into a mathematical form although at first sight it may not appear to have anything to do with arithmetic. 除了像计算机付款这样明显的算术工作之外,还有许多工作可以表述为数学形式,虽然乍看起来他们与算术一点关系都没有。,3,7.1.1 Complete Negation B) emphasis on negation: “never, not at all, cannot possibly, by no means, in no w
3、ay, none, nothing, not nearly, short of” etc. - emphasis on negation in Chinese. e.g. In this case, the cutting tool, that is, the drill, turns fast, but the work piece doesnt move at all. 在这种情况下,切削刀具,即钻头,快速运转,但工件却根本不动。,4,7.1.2 Partial Negation A) “not” +”every, all, both, always, each, many, much,
4、often”, etc. or: “not” + Verbs(句子的谓语动词)- “不全是”, “不总是”, “并非都”, etc. e.g. Eclipses are not seen in every part of the world.不是在世界上所有地方都能看到日食和月食的。 Not each transistor in the box is out of order. 盒子里的晶体管并非每个都是坏的。,5,7.1.2 Partial NegationB) adverbs indicating negation such as “scarcely”, “hardly”, “rarely
5、”, “seldom”, “barely”, “few”, “little”, etc. e.g. At the same time, it is noticed that the sound becomes gradually weaker, until it scarcely audible although the bell is still ringing. 同时人们会注意到, 尽管电铃仍在响, 但是声音逐渐变弱, 直至几乎听不到。,6,7.1.3 Negation in sense/meaning Words & phrases showing negation: “缺陷, 缺少,脱
6、落,排除,忽略,不知”5.1.3.1 some verbs and verbal phrases such as “deny”, “fail”, “neglect”, “lack”, “ignore”, “refuse”, “miss”, “exclude”, “refrain”, “preventfrom”, “savefrom”, “protect from”, “keepfrom”,etc. e.g. The value of loss in this equation is so small that we can overlook it. 在此方程式中,损耗值太小,可以忽略不计。,7
7、,7.1.3.1Keep the petroleum from the fire. It will burst into flame. 别让石油挨近火,否则会烧起来的。The experiment failed of success.实验没有成功。His manners are still to be polished. 他不够风度。,8,7.1.3.2 negation reflected by abstract nouns such as “absence”, “ignorance”, “exclusion”, “neglect”, “scarcity”, “lack”, etc.(抽象名
8、词表示否定 )e.g. Perhaps more important for todays engineering applications is the lack of large physical and virtual memories on PCs. 对于当今的工程应用来说,也许更为重要的是PC机上缺少大容量的物理内存和虚拟内存。A few instruments are in a state of neglect. 一些仪器处于无人管理状态。,9,7.1.3.3 adjectives & adj. phrases “free from, far from, inferior to,
9、few, little, short of, last, short, least, ignorant”, etc. E.g. Support is much less advanced for distributed computing than for distributed file systems. 对分布式计算提供的支持比对分布式文件系统提供的支持落后很多。Atomic safety has gone far beyond such crude beginnings, but a riskfree reactor has yet to be built.防原子的安全措施现已远非初时那
10、种粗陋简拙的样子了, 但是完全没有危险的反应堆尚有待修建。,10,7.1.3.4 prep. & prep. phrases such as “ beyond, against, above, instead of, out of, except, without, in place of”, etc. e.g. In a rocket, the jet is formed by burning chemicals within the engine without external air supply. 火箭是利用发动机内部燃烧化学物质而形成喷气,无需外部供应空气。Instead of s
11、unbeams, todays light-wave communication systems use laser light ricocheting through tiny glass fibers. 今天的光波通信系统利用的不是日光束, 而是通过细微玻璃纤维反射的激光。,11,7.1.3.5 some fixed expressions such as “ would rather than, too to, rather than, yet to, more than, but that”, etc. e.g. In fact, the willingness to experime
12、nt is one of the most striking features of China today, and it seems to be rooted in confidence rather than security. 事实上,敢于实验是今日中国最引人注目的特点之一,它来源于信心而不是出于稳定感。This allows the brain to devoted itself to higher levels of analysis and synthesis, rather than having to put time and energy into “picturing”
13、a problem.这就允许大脑致力于更高级的分析和综合工作,而不必把时间和精力投放到”设想”问题上。,12,7.1.4 Double Negation “neverbut, cant too to, notuntil, no the less, no other than, cantwithout” etc. -affirmation or double negation in Chinese. e.g. The sun is our energy source and without it we would not be able to survive. 太阳是我们的能量来源,没有太阳我们
14、将无法生存。There is no work unless there is motion. 如果没有运动,也就不做功。,13,7.1.5 negation in form but affirmation in meaning with an intense tone. E.g. The problem is not beyond our reach. 这个问题我们能解决。The importance of the project can hardly be exaggerated. 这项工程的重要性怎么说都不过分。 There can be no doubt that the second
15、50 years of powered flight holds a challenge more forbidding, though no less interesting. 毫无疑问,动力飞行的下一个50年所面临的挑战会比最初的50年更为严峻,尽管同样有趣。,14,7.2 Translation of Numerical,15,7.2 Translation of Numerical,7.2.1 cardinal numbers (基数词) English Chinese thousand (千) 个 teen(十) 十 hundred (百) 百 million (百万) 千 billion (十亿) 万 trillion (兆亿) 十万 百万 千万 (万万)亿,
