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1、毕业设计（论文）早晚熟龙眼开花结果特性研究学院（系） 农 学 院 专 业 园艺 班 级 042 班 学 号 0431100329 学生姓名 韦代石 指导教师 潘介春 李峰 III摘要本课题以早熟 1 号、早熟 2 号、晚熟 1 号、石硖（为对照）龙眼为材料，研究早熟龙眼和晚熟龙眼开花结果特性。研究结果表明，早熟 1 号、早熟 2 号、晚熟 1 号、石硖龙眼的始花期分别为 4 月 3 日、4 月 6 日、4 月18 日，4 月 12 日，雌雄花交替开放的顺序都是雄雌雄，植株群体雌雄花开放相遇时间比单穗和单株长；早熟 1 号龙眼雌花在开花后 1924d 为落花高峰期，雄花在开花后 1220d、22
2、26d 分别出现两个落花高峰；早熟 2号龙眼雌花在开花后 1824d 为落花高峰期，雄花在开花后1018d、1824d 分别出现两个落花高峰；石硖龙眼雌花在开花后 1722d为落花高峰期，雄花在开花后 1115、1519d 和 1923d 分别出现 3 个落花高峰；晚熟 1 号龙眼雌花在开花后 1622d 为落花高峰期，雄花在开花后1018d、1822d 分别出现两个落花高峰。早熟 1 号、早熟 2 号、晚熟 1 号、石硖龙眼果实的个体发育可分为两个阶段,第 1 期是果皮和种皮生长期,约 50天左右;第 2 期是假种皮,子叶生长及果实成熟期,约 60 天左右。从落果以及果实发育规律方面调查分析
3、，调查结果表明早熟 1 号、早熟 2 号、晚熟 1号、石硖龙眼果实在开花后 1 个月和 2 个月后左右都会出现两个落果高峰。早熟 1 号、早熟 2 号龙眼的果实成熟期分别为：7 月 20 日、7 月 25，比石峡早 1520 天。晚熟 1 号龙眼果实成熟期为：9 月 1 日，比石硖晚 25 天。早熟 1 号、早熟 2 号、晚熟 1 号龙眼可溶性固形物含量分别为：20.3、19.5、19.1，平均单果重分别为：11.06g、10.93g、11.82g。关键词：早熟 晚熟 落花 落果 果实发育 IIStudy of flowering and fruiting characteristics of
4、 the early-maturing and late-maturing longanABSTRACTEarly-maturing 1,early-maturing 2,late-maturing 1 and Shixia(as ck) longan were used as materials to study their flowering and fruiting characteristics.The results of the study showed that the onset of the blooming of the early-maturing 1, early- m
5、aturing 2,late- maturing 1 and Shixia(as ck) longan were April 3rd、April 6th、April 18th and April 12th，respectively. The flowering order for the 4 varieties was from male flower to female flower to male flower. The flower period of male flower synchronous with female flower in the population was lon
6、ger than that of single panicle or a single plant.The peak time of flower dropping of early-maturing 1 longan female was1924days after blomming, and another two peaks of male flower dropping were 1220 days and 2226 days after blooming. The peak time of female flower dropping of early -maturing 2 lon
7、gan was 1824 days after flowering,and another two peaks of male flower dropping was 1018 days and 1824 days after flowering. The peak time of female flower dropping of Shixia longan was1722 days after flowering,and another three peaks of male flower dropping was 1115 days and 1519 days and 1923 days
8、 after flowering. The peak time of female flower dropping of late- maturing 1 longan was1622 days after flowering,and another two peaks of male flower dropping was 1018days and 1822days after flowering. In the fruiting characteristics,the ontogenesis of Longan fruit was divided into two different st
9、ages based on the examination. The first stage is the growth of fruit and seed coats, which is about 50 days. The second stage is the growth of aril and cotyledon. Its duration is about 60 days. The results of investigation and analysis of the fruit dropping and fruit development,showed that the cir
10、cumstance of the IIIfruit development of the early-maturing 1, early -maturing 2,late-maturing 1 and Shixia longan had two peaks of fruit dropping which were one month and two month after flowering respectively.Fruit maturation period of early-maturing 1 and early-maturing 2, longan were July 20th,
11、July 25th respectively, which were 1520days earlier than that of Shixia. Fruit maturation period of late-maturing 1 longan was September 1st，25 days later than that of Shixia. The soluble solids content of early-maturing 1 , early -maturing 2 and late-maturing 1 were 20.3,19.5 and 19.1,respectively.
12、 Mean weight of fruit were 11.06g,10.93g and 11.82g respectively.Keywords: Early-maturing Late-maturing Flower dropping Fruits dropping Fruit development目录摘要 Abstract1 前言 11.1 研究目的和意义 11.2 国内外研究动态 22 材料和方法 32.1 材料 32.2 方法 33 结果与分析 43.1 早熟 1 号、早熟 2 号、晚熟 1 号以及石硖龙眼开花特性 43.2 早熟 1 号、早熟 2 号、晚熟 1 号以及石硖龙眼落花规律 123.3 早熟 1 号、早熟 2 号、晚熟 1 号以及石硖龙眼落果规律 143.4 早熟 1 号、早熟 2 号、晚熟 1 号以及石硖龙眼果实发育规律 173.5 早熟 1 号、早熟 2 号、晚熟 1 号以及石硖龙眼果实品质分析 203.6 早熟 1 号、早熟 2
