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1、Agricultural Extension 农业推广,Ministry of Agriculture andRural Development -Extension Service ISRAEL以色列农业和农村发展推广服务部,Dan Marom, Reuben Auseher & Duby Wolfson,Israeli Ministry of Agriculture以色列农业部,DIRECTOR,THE EXTENSION SERVICE推广服务,”,Floriculture Department Organizational Chart花卉部组织图,”,Team,Team,Team,Te
2、am,THE EXTENSION SERVICE,”,N. Valleys,Center,Rehovot,Negev,Galilee-Golan,Regional OutspreadOf ExtensionOffices,”,1,1,2,1,3,DIRECTOR,”,Regional Office,Extension by: D. Marom R. Ausher & D. Wolfson Israeli Extension Service Ministry of Agriculture,8,Extension by: D. Marom R. Ausher & D. Wolfson Israel
3、i Extension Service Ministry of Agriculture,8,The Team,Leader - Subject Mater Specialist领导者：学科带头人Other specialists其他专家Regional extension officers地区推广官员Research personnel研究人员R & D Personnel 研发人员,Assisting farmers to:Become aware of了解Adopt采用Improved technology from any source改进,Agricultural extension,
4、Agricultural extension Cont.,To enhance: Production EfficiencyIncome Welfare提高生产能力效率,增加收入和福利,Functions of Agricultural Extension,Extensions Tasks,To identify and develop:识别与开发improved technologies改进技术bring about their adaptation by farmers促进改良,Extensions Tasks - cont.,What to Say,How to Say to Whom,
5、T & V (Training & Visit),T&V is a method of managing extension, designed to deliver selected and timely technical messages to farmers with strict regularity. 培训与考察是一种极力推广的方法，它有着严格规律，有计划、有选择、及时地把技术信息传递给农民。It encourages links with agricultural research institutions它鼓励与农业技术研究机构加强联系Extraneous activities
6、 are avoided.避免无关的行为,The Technology Development Continuum技术开发统一体,Adoption采用,Diffusion扩散,Generation产生,The Classic Triangle经典三角,Extension推广,Research研究,Grower种植者,Working Ties of a Branch Department,Ministry Directorate,Problem Solving问题解决,Identification识别,Diffusion扩散,EXTENSION,RESEARCH,Research Vs. Ext
7、ension研究与推广,Hypothesis oriented Problem orientedProcess oriented EmpiricalConceptually elegant “Cheap and nasty”Precise Generality,ResearchExtension,Extension by: D. Marom R. Ausher & D. Wolfson Israeli Extension Service Ministry of Agriculture,20,Extension by: D. Marom R. Ausher & D. Wolfson Israel
8、i Extension Service Ministry of Agriculture,20,Chief scientist comittees首席科学家委员会,3 party membership.Research研究者Extension推广者Growers种植者,Extension by: D. Marom R. Ausher & D. Wolfson Israeli Extension Service Ministry of Agriculture,21,Extension by: D. Marom R. Ausher & D. Wolfson Israeli Extension Ser
9、vice Ministry of Agriculture,21,Branch Committees (structure & management)部门委员会的结构与管理,Appointed by Dir. G-ral Ministry of Agriculture由农业部部长任命3-party membership: 三部分成员Research-Extension-Growers9-15 membersSubcommittees小组委员会Committees appointed for 3 years, chairmen up to 2 terms委员任期三年，主席可连任二期,Day-to-
10、day operation by executive group日常工作由执行机构负责Branch Committees develop short and long-term objectives and their derivatives:部门委员会开发长、短期目标及相关派生物- for applied research应用研究- for technical development技术开发,Extension by: D. Marom R. Ausher & D. Wolfson Israeli Extension Service Ministry of Agriculture,22,Ex
11、tension by: D. Marom R. Ausher & D. Wolfson Israeli Extension Service Ministry of Agriculture,22,Production and Marketing Boards产品与市场部,FruitsWine grapesOlive (oil)CitrusFlowersVegetables,GroundnutsCottonCattle (dairy&beef), Sheep, GoatsPoultryBees,Introduction of a new crop新作物引进路线,Research,R & D,Mod
12、elFarms,CommercialFarms,FarmersOrganizations农民协会,ExtensionOfficers推广官员,ResearchStaff研究人员,Flower Marketing Board花卉市场部,Extension by: D. Marom R. Ausher & D. Wolfson Israeli Extension Service Ministry of Agriculture,24,Extension by: D. Marom R. Ausher & D. Wolfson Israeli Extension Service Ministry of
13、Agriculture,24,Branch (Commodity) Committees部门委员会,Bananas香蕉Olives橄榄Grapes (Table & Wine)葡萄Deciduous fruits一年生水果Subtropical fruits亚热带水果Date Palms海枣树Citrus柑桔Flowers花卉Vegetables, Herbs, Spices, Medicinal Crops.蔬菜、香草、调味品、药用作物Groundnuts落花生,11. Field Crops大田作物12. Cotton棉花13. Cattle: dairy&beef牛：牛奶及奶制品14.
14、Sheep, Goats绵羊、山羊15 Poultry家禽16. Bees蜜蜂17. Aqua-, marineculture水生、海洋种植18. Soil Conservation土壤保持Pastures牧草Gardening园艺,Trends of Israeli Flower Basket,New Crops,Traditional crops,RosesCarnationGibsophila满天星Ruscus假叶树Gerbera大丁草,Year,% of total,Extension - Research - Growers in Floriculture,Agrexco以色列著名的
15、一家农业出口公司,FlowerBoard花卉部,Nat. GrowerAssociation国家种植协会,RegionalGrower Association地区种植者协会,Extension Service推广服务,Growers,Model Farms示范农场,R&D Farms研发农场,Trial Farms试验农场,Research研究,Modern Ties,Research,Growers,Extension,“Evolution” of a farmer农民的演变,Subsistence生计需要,Commercial grower商业种植,Entrepreneur最后成长为企业,ADAS (GB)1:30 arable cropsDLV (NL) 1:60 horticulture Israel 1:40 arable crops 1:100 flowers 1:150 fruit crops 1:200 vegetables T&V 1:10/day*10*8=800,
