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1、阅读理解(猜词训练） 根据上下文正确猜出生词词义： 1. 根据定义或解释说明猜测生词的词义 1）根据定义或解释说明猜测词义 在be或be called等判断词出现的判断句中，生词是被解释说明的表语，或是用来下定义的主语。 A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood. 定语从句或同位语对其先行词起修饰或解释说明的作用，有助
2、于猜出该先行词的词义。 Modern medicine began with the stethoscope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a persons lungs and his heartbeats. Perhaps the most astonishing theory comes out of the medical research of kinesics, the study of body movement which was suggested by the famous doctor and
3、 professor named Sweeny.,有时标点符号中的破折号“”也可引出起解释说明作用的同位语或具有同义的短语或从句。 Down from the sky came a dark funnel-like（漏斗状的）cloud. This dark cloud reached the ground all of a sudden. This terrible tornadoa wind which went round and round as fast as 500 miles an hour and picked up everything in its path, such a
4、s large trees, cars and even houses. 只要读懂以上五句话，猜出carpenter的词义是“木匠”，mosquito的词义是“蚊子”，stethoscope的词义是“听诊器”，kinesics的词义是“人体运动学”，而tornado的词义是“龙卷风”应是完全可能的。,2. 根据对比关系猜测生词的词义 在but, however, yet, otherwise或though这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中，其前后的词有明显的对比关系。根据已知的内容，通过这种对比关系，很容易猜出生词的词义，例如： If you agree, write“yes”; if you
5、 dissent, write“no”. Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate. Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty. Although a large number of people
6、 considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft（n. 偷窃）.,通过上面各句的对比，不难猜出dissent的意义是：不同意，不赞同；innate的词义是：天生的；grubby的词义是肮脏的；thrifty的词义是：节俭的；innocent的词义是：无辜的。 3. 通过因果关系猜测词义 because, since与as是连结原因状语从句的从属连词，so是连结表示结果的并列句的连词，so that与such that的中that是连结结果状语从句的。当这些信息词出现在有生
7、词的句中，通过因果关系，依据已知部分，就能猜出生词的词义，例如：,Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. Hes such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade. Turgid with the
8、 water of the melting（融化的）snow, the rivers would soon overflow their banks. She wanted the hairdresser（美发师）to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 通过上面五个句子的因果关系，依据已知部分，可以猜出elastic的词义是：( )；turbid的词义是：( )；shrewd的词义是：( )；turgid with的词义是：( )；trim是个动词，其词义是：( )。,【模拟试题】 利用上述三种猜词技巧猜出下列练习中划线生词的词义 1.
9、根据定义或解释说明猜出下列各句中划线的生词词义 1）Archaeology is the study of the buried remains of ancient times, such as houses, pots, tools and weapons. 2）A magnet is a piece of iron or steel which can pull other pieces of iron to itself, and a magnet is sometimes used by some people to find their lost bits of iron from
10、 the places where its difficult for them to find them without a magnet. 3）Travellers in deserts or thick forests always bring with them compasses, a kind of very helpful instruments that help them to know the directions and which always consist of a freely-moving MAGNETIC needle that always moves to
11、 point to the north.,4）Some armed policemen have to wear bullet-proof Vests, a piece of clothing that can protect their chests（胸部）and that are used to stop bullets or a vest which cannot be passed through by bullets. 5）This strict officer is a martinet, a person who demands total obedience（服从）to rul
12、es, descipline and orders. 6）His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. 7）Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool at different speeds.,8）If you want to build your new houses with stones of regular shape, youd better consult excellent st
13、onemasons, whose jobs is cutting stones into the desired shapes for building. 9）Some organizations of United Nations prefer to take on polyglots as their workersthose who can understand as well as speak many languages. 10）On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, both
14、 for their eggs and their meat.,【试题答案】 1. 1）考古学 2）磁铁 3）指南针 4）防弹背心（马甲） 5）要求严格服从纪律和命令的人 6）动物学家 7）淬火 8）石匠 9）懂而且会说多种语言的人 10）家禽,4. 根据生活常识猜测词意 运用逻辑推理能力，自身的生活经验及生活常识，根据上下文能读懂的部分，正确猜出生词词意，是一种行之有效的猜测词意的方法。下面两段文字中分别有三个下面划线的生词，依据已知内容，利用生活常识，可以较为准确地猜出它们的词意。 （1）Fishes live in water and have fins which help them
15、to swim. Most fishes have slimy skins covered with scales, so it is difficult to get firm hold of them. 这段文字的已知部分和已具备的生活常识清楚地告诉我们这三个生词fins，slimy和scales的词意分别是：( )。,鳍，滑溜，鱼鳞,（2）Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods, and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tear
16、ing, seizing, pulling or holding objects. 这段文字的已知部分和我们对鸟的常识可以准确地猜测出wings的词意是：( )beaks的词意是：( )claws的词意是：( )。 （3）When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water. 这段文字的已知部分和我们的常识告诉我们ripple的词义是：( )。 （4）Most of the roses are beginning to winter because of the cold. 句子的已知部分和我们的常识告诉我们：因为严寒，大多数月季花正在开始（ ）。,
