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1、基于冲量称量的雌雄蚕茧自动分选机的研究Research on Male and Female Cocoon Automatic Sorter专based on Impluse Measurement2012年6月江苏大学硕士学位论文摘 要雄蚕茧在经济性上优于雌蚕茧，对雌雄蚕茧进行分选可以有效提高丝绸产业的附加值。一般而言，雄蚕茧比雌蚕茧的重量轻，利用两者在重量上的差异可以有效的对蚕茧进行分选。但是，蚕茧的重量很轻，利用传统的动态称重方法很难快速测准蚕茧的重量。论文介绍了雄蚕茧在经济性上优于雌蚕茧的原因和获得雄蚕茧的一般途径以及国内外关于雌雄蚕茧分选的研究现状，在分析了一般动态称重原理的基础上，
2、提出了基于冲量称量方法检测蚕茧重量，建立了称重平台水平放置和倾斜放置两种试验模型。蚕茧从一定的高度经过自由落体运动冲击到称重平台上，根据动量定理检测蚕茧的冲击力来确定蚕茧的重量。根据批量试验确定区分雌雄蚕茧的重量区间，然后通过蚕茧所处的重量区间区分蚕茧的性别。设计了基于虚拟仪器的雌雄蚕茧自动分选机。硬件设计包括称重传感器的选用，光电开关的设计，信号放大电路的设计，分选驱动电路的设计，电源模块的设计以及数据采集卡的选用。使用LabVIEW图像化编程语言设计了软件程序。程序的设计采用模块化的设计方法，主要功能包括初始化模块，光电开关检测模块，数据采集模块，数据处理模块，数据显示和保存模块。当有蚕茧
3、下落的时候，光电开关向数据采集卡发出高电平信号，程序启动数据采集，蚕茧冲击称重平台的电压信号经过信号放大电路放大之后，数据采集卡对信号进行采样，应用阈值触发方式对采集的信号进行判断，提取和保存有用信号，通过建立的模型计算蚕茧的重量，并根据雌雄蚕茧的重量区间判断蚕茧的性别，同时控制分选模块执行蚕茧的分选动作。通过试验验证了称重平台水平放置和倾斜放置的试验模型的称量基于冲量称量的雌雄蚕茧自动分选机的研究精度和稳定性。通过对称重传感器进行阻尼设计，抑制了传感器自身振动对称量结果的影响。同时用一定批量的蚕茧进行了试验验证，探索出了一种分选雌雄蚕茧的新方法。关键词：冲量称量；雌雄蚕茧；数据采集；自动分选
4、江苏大学硕士学位论文Male COcoon is better than female cocoons in economic traits，theadditional value of silk industry can be effectively improved by separatingthe cocoons in different genderGenerally speaking，the weight of femalecocoon is heavier than the female cocoonThe cocoon Call be sorted indifferent gen
5、der through the weight differenceBut，the weight of cocoon isvery lightIt is very difficult to detect the weight of the cocoon intraditional dynamic weighing methodIn this paperthe reason of male cocoon was better than femalecocoons in economic traits，the general approaches of obtain the malecocoons
6、and the study situation of sorting male and female cocoons athome and abroad was introducedImpulse weighing method Was applied todetect the weight of cocoon on the basis of analysis the general dynamicweighing principleTwo kinds of experimental models which were theweighing platform horizontally and
7、 titled placed Was establishedThecocoon was impacted to the weighing platform after drop from a certainheightAccording to the theorem of momentum，the impact force wasdetected to determine the weight of the cocoonA batch test Was done todetermine the weight interval for male cocoons and female cocoon
8、sThenthe gender of the cocoon was judged by its weightThe male and female COCOOn automatic sorter system was designedbased on virtual instrumentThe system was introduced in two aspectswhich were hardware design and software designThe hardware designincluded the selection of weighing sensor,signal am
9、plification，powercircuit，photoelectric switch circuit,the sorting implementation circuit andthe selection of data acquisition cardLabVIEW graphical programminglanguage was used to design the softwareModular design method Wasnl基于冲量称量的雌雄蚕茧自动分选机的研究used in the program designThe main modules included the
10、 initializationmodule，trigger detection module，data acquisition module，data processmodule and data display and storage moduleThe design of program丘a瑚_eand each module was introduced in detailWhen the cocoon fell，photoelectric switch set a high level to the data acquisition cardTheprogram starts to c
11、ollect dataThe voltage signal was amplified by thesignal amplifying circuitThen the signal was sampled by data acquisitioncardThe threshold triggering mode was applied to extract the useful signaland the signal Was saved by the programThrough the established modulecalculate the weight of the cocoonT
12、hen the gender of the cocoon wasjudgedAt the same time control sorting module performs cocoon sortingactionThe precision and stability of the two modules which Was the江苏大学硕士学位论文目 录：第一章 绪 论。一。111课题的背景及研究意义112 国内外对雌雄蚕茧分选的研究现状213称量技术的研究现状3131动态称重的发展历史3132动态称量的常用方法和原理4133 典型的动态称重设备4134选用冲量称量方法检测蚕茧重量的原因6
13、14课题研究的主要内容615本章小结7第二章雌雄蚕茧自动分选机的系统方案设计。821雌雄蚕茧重量静态检测试验822冲量方法称量蚕茧的原理9221称重平台水平放置的冲量称量模型9222称重平台倾斜放置的冲量称量模型12223传感器的阻尼设计1323 系统的总体方案设计。1724本章小结18第三章雌雄蚕茧自动分选机的硬件设计。一。1931称重传感器的选择和使用1932光电开关的设计2233信号放大电路的设计。2434分选驱动电路的设计2535 电源模块的设计2636数据采集卡的选用2637本章小结28第四章雌雄蚕茧自动分选机的系统软件设计一。一。2941系统运行流程2942 LabVIEW平台简介3043程序设计模式。3044功能模块设计31V基于冲量称量的雌雄蚕茧自动分选机的研究4546第五章515253545556第六章441数据采集卡的功能函数32442参数配置模块。33443初始化模块34444光电开关信号检测模块34445数据采集模块35446数据显示和保存模块。35447数据处理模块364
