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1、定语从句,The attributive clause,使用最短的识别方式,the boy (he is tall)the man (he has a beard)The woman (she plays golf),合并与分离,The woman, she lives next door, is a doctorWhat was the name of the man, he lent you the moneyWhere is the cheese, it was in the fridgeWe know a lot of people who live in London.The mac
2、hine that broke down has been repaired.An architect is someone who designs buildings.,（一）定义及相关术语,1.定语从句(attributive clause)：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。,2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。,3.关系词： 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。,关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系代词有: that, which, who, whom, whose,as等关系副词有: when, where, why,关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定
3、语从句； B.代替先行词； C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。,The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.,（二）关系代词引导的定语从句,1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。,The boys who are playing football are from Class One.,Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.,Yesterday I helped an old man who ha
4、d lost his way.,That is the teacher who teaches us physics.,2. whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。,Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on thebus.,Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see.,The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come.,The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our mon
5、itor.,注意：关系代词 whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替，也可省略。,The man ( whom / who ) you met just now is my oldfriend.,3. which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。,Football is a game which is liked by most boys.,The factory which makes computers is far away from here.,He likes to read books which are written by foreign writ
6、ers.,The house which is by the lake looks nice.,This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday.,The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all.,4that 指人时，相当于 who 或 whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。,The number of people that / who come to visit this city eachyear reac
7、hes one million.,Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning?,The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind.,The season that / which comes after spring is summer.,Yesterday I received a letter that / which came fromAustralia.,（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。,The s
8、chool (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.,The school in which he once studied is very famous.,Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine for which you asked.,This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis withyesterday.,T
9、his is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday.,Well go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about.,Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.,The manager whose company I work in pays much attention toimproving our working conditions.The mana
10、ger in whose company I work pays much attention toimproving our working conditions.,注意：1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。,This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for.,The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after arevery healthy.,.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指
11、人时只可用whom，不可用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。,The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.,The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour.,The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.,The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.
12、,考点一：只能用THAT 的情况：,*先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。 This is the best film that I have seen.*先行词是数词或被序数词修饰时。 This is the first thing that I should do.*先行词是all, any, few, anything, everything, nothing, something, All that I should do has been done.,*先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时. This is the only book
13、 that I want to buy.*先行词既有人又有物时。 We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we visited.*当句中已有who时，为避免重复。 Who is the woman that is crying?,不能用THAT 的情况,关系代词前有介词时 This is the town in which I was born. This is the person to whom I talked just now.在非限制性定语从句中，关系词不可省；THAT不用于引导非限制性定语从句。 Tom h
14、as two sisters, who are both nurses. He got good results, which pleased his parents very much.,考点二 Whose 用法,1. whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。Thats the child whose father is a teacher.,Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor?This is a book whose cover is green.,2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。,An
15、yone _breaks the law is punished.Those _ break the law are punished.He _ breaks the law is punished.,在anyone, those, he/she/I / they作先行词时, 用”who” 代替 “that”.,考点三: that 与who的区别,who,who,who,考点四:定语从句中主谓一致问题 定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。1.I am not one who _afraid of difficulty2.Dont choose me, who _not fit for this job,is,am,3. This is one of the best books _. A. that have ever been written B. that has ever been written C. that has written D. that have written4. She is not the only one of the girls _ well in class. A. which sings B. who sing C. who sings D. who to sing,
