《限定词的搭配关系及相互位置 (2)》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《限定词的搭配关系及相互位置 (2)（6页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、1第十四章限定词一、限定词概述定词是与名词密切相关的词类，包括冠词（a（n） ，the） 、形容词性指示代词（this， that， these，those ） 、形容词性物主代词（my，your ，our ，etc ） 、形容词性不定代词（both，every ，much ，some， etc ） 、数词（one，two ，etc ；first ，second ，etc ；one-third ，three-fifths ，etc ）和特指形容词（next，only ， etc ） 。限定词用于名词的前面，限定名词所指的范围，表示该名词是特指还是泛指，是定量还是不定量。限定词的使用并非随意，受
2、着名词种类及形式的制约，与名词有着特定的搭配关系，在多个限定词连用时相互之间还有着相对固定的位置二、限定词与名词的搭配关系限定词一般不用于专有名词，用于普通名词时要根据名词的数和类别来决定。普通名词可分为如下三类：单数可数名词，如：a desk, a pencil 等。复数可数名词，如：desks, pencils 等。不可数名词，如：coffee, fire 等。各限定词与三类名词搭配关系可分为以下几种情况：A. 能与三类名词搭配的限定词定冠词 the, 如：the book, the books, the bread 等。物主代词、名词所有格，如：my / Johns bookmy / J
3、ohns booksmy / Johns breadall / some / any / no，如：all / some / any / no bookall / some / any / no booksall / some / any / no breadother / such，如：other / such studentother / such studentswh -words (eg. what, which, whose 等） 。Im sorry you had such terrible weather.Which John do you mean, John the bake
4、r or John the post man？Note:such 经常与不定冠词连用构成 such + a(n) + adj + 名词结构。如：Ive never lived in such a large house as this before.They havent had such a good time for ages.B. 只能与单数可数名词搭配的限定词如：a (n), each, every, either, one 等。I told every student to come.She knows every pupil of the class.You may use eit
5、her hoe.C. 只能与复数可数名词搭配的限定词2如：both, (a) few, several, these / those, a (great) number of, two / three, many 等。Were asking a few friends round to dinner.A great number of animals are killed every year.Note:many 后面可以跟 a (n)放在单数可数名词前，尽管还表示“许多” 的意思，但动词用单数。Many a man is going to welcome the foreign guests
6、.Many a friend has been invited to this party.D. 只能与不可数名词搭配的限定词如：(a) little, a bit of, a great amount of, a great deal of, much 等。In fact I know a bit of Spanish.A large amount of money is spent on tobacco every year.E. 能与单数可数名词和复数可数名词搭配的限定词如：the first / second, the next, the other 等。Whats the next
7、thing to do?John wanted to know what the other doctors suggest.F. 能与复数可数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词如：a lot of, plenty of, lots of, enough, more, most 等。There is enough food for everybody.There arent enough tools to go around.G. 能与单数可数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词如：(the) least, this, that 等。He hadnt the least thought of his own
8、 interests.She fainted at the least sight of blood.三、限定词与限定词的搭配关系在名词词组中，当两个以上的限定词同时出现时，限定词之间就存在前后顺序问题，根据限定词不同的搭配位置，限定词可分为中位限定词、前位限定词和后位限定词。前位限定词（Predeterminers)：all, both, half, double, twice; one third, two thirds 等。中位限定词（Central determiners ）包括：冠词；指示词（this / that / these / those) ;形容词性物主代词，名词所有格（m
9、y, Johns)；量词(some, any, no, every, each, either, neither, enough, much 等） ；wh-words (what, which, whose 等） 。后位限定词（Postdeterminers）：基数词；序数词; last, next, other, another 等; such; many, little, few, several, more, less 等。The teacher asked his students to write their answers on every other line.老师要求学生隔一行
10、写出答案。Both my brothers have graduated from universities.我两个兄弟都大学毕业了。The old men had a very good time during all these last few days.这些老人在最后一段日子里过得很愉快。在限定词的搭配中，一般的顺序都是前位-中位- 后位，中位限定词之间和前位限定词之间是互相排斥的，即：两个中位限定词或两个前位限定词不能同时修饰中心词-名词，而后位限定词则可以并列修饰中心词。3Mr Harrison showed us a few more samples.Tom broke his
11、leg on New Years day. It took him the next few weeks to get over it.汤姆新年那天摔断了腿，几个星期后才恢复。The girls parents invited several hundred guests to her birthday party.女孩的父母邀请了几百名客人参加她的生日晚会。Note:限定词使用规则：限定词的分类比较复杂、难记。一般情况下，可以运用以下几条简单、实用的规则。A.把 all 和 both 放在其他限定词之前。如：The little boy ate all the food.All such p
12、roblems should be considered.Both my hands were seriously hurt.B.把 many / much, more / most, few / little 放在其他限定词之后。如：His many successes made him famous.Johns few friends speak highly of him.With the surrender of the enemy troops, no more fighting was expected there.C.感叹句中，把 what 和 such 放在 a(n)之前。如：
13、What a lovely girl!Ive never seen such a crowd!四、几组限定词的用法比较（一）some, any, no 的用法some, any, no 同是能与单数可数名词、复数可数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词。1.some 和 any 表示“一些，若干几分 ”等含义，一般情况下， some 用于肯定句,any 用于疑问、否定、条件句中。Have you got any aspirins?Mr White has some flowers in his garden.We havent invited any students to the party.If
14、you want any glasses, Ill send you some.2.any 还可以用于实际上含否定意思的肯定句中。例如，含有 never, without, hardly 等词的肯定句。The young accountant seldom makes any error in his books.I can answer your questions without any hesitations.The noise of the party prevented me from getting any sleep.3.some 可以与 others 连用。Some peopl
15、e like the sea, others prefer the mountains.Some students answered Yes and others answered No.4.如果说话人预期肯定回答时，some 也可用于疑问句。Dont you give him some tickets?Ive just been shopping. Oh, did you buy some rice?”some 还可用在表示劝请、请求、命令的疑问句中。Wont you have some more beer?Could you buy me some clips?45.any 用于肯定句中，
16、表示 “任何，无论哪一个”。Any child would know that.6.No 的含义相当于 not any (a)。No cigarette is completely harmless.There were no letters for you this morning.no 和 any 相似，它不能与另一个限定词连用。与 the, my, this, that 等相遇时用 none of 代替。None of my friends live near my house.I like none of that music.no 可以和一个带-ing 的动词连用，表示不允许干某事，这时不能用 not any 代替。No Smoking!不准吸烟！No Parking!禁止停放车辆！No Waiting!禁止（车辆等）在此等候！7.有时 no 的意义不止是 not (a)或 not any，而是 not at all（完全不是，决不是） 。He i
