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1、Chapter 1I .YES，Please refer to the 1st paragraph of the text.II. 流动性过剩 自给自足 经济资源 直接投资 国际收支 易货交易 出口退税 倾销 出口型经济增长 东道国 贸易差额 贸易顺差贸易逆差 欧盟 国际收支顺差国际收支逆差 有形贸易 无形贸易 货物贸易 服务贸易 excess liquidity self-sufficient economic resources direct investment balance of payments barter export tax rebate dumping export-dri
2、ven economic growth host country balance of trade favorable/unfavorable balance of trade European Union favorable/unfavorable balance of payments visible trade invisible trade trade in goods trade in services III The chart above shows the U.S. imports from China, U.S. exports to China and the trade
3、balance. The U.S. has a negative trade balance with China, and it has been growing. During the period from 1997 to 2003, imports from China have grown 244% while exports to China have grown 221%,indicating that the trade deficit is increasing. There had already been a sizeable trade balance deficit
4、with China in 1996, totaling $ 39.5 billion at the end of the year. IV 1. Export goods are tangible goods sent out of countries. 2. Trade in services are international earnings other than those derived from the exporting and importing of tangible goods. 3. Import goods are tangible goods brought in.
5、 4. International trade is all business transactions that involve two or more countries. 5. FDI is one that gives the investor a controlling interest in a foreign company. 6. Investment is used primarily as financial means for a company to earn more money on its money with relative safety. V 1. Inte
6、rnational trade is the fair and deliberate exchange of goods and/or services across national boundaries. It concerns trade operations of both import and export and includes the purchase and sale of both visible and invisible goods. 2. In todays complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations
7、 are self-sufficient. Nations participate in the international trade for many reasons. As to the economic reasons, no nation has all of the economic resources (land, labor and capital) that it needs to develop its economy and culture, and no country enjoys a particular item sufficient enough to meet
8、 its needs. As for the preference reasons, international trade takes place because of innovation of style. Besides, every nation can specialize in a certain field and enjoy a comparative advantage in some particular area in terms of trade so that they need to do business with each other to make use
9、of resources more efficiently and effectively. 3. In measuring the effectiveness of global trade, nations carefully follow two key indicators, namely, balance of trade and balance of payments. 4. FDI, the abbreviation form Foreign Direct Investment, means buying of permanent property and business in
10、 foreign nations. It occurs when acquisition of equity interest in a foreign companyis trade. The great significance of FDI for China might be that: FDI solve the problem of capital shortage for China so that China may spend the money on importing advanced equipment and technologies for its infrastr
11、ucture, national supporting industry, key projects, etc.Chapter 2 I 关税壁垒 非关税壁垒 从量税 配额 保护性关税 市场失灵 幼稚产业 许可证制度 财政关税 政府采购 贸易保护主义 从价税 最低限价 本地采购规则 增加内需 Domestic content Red-tape barriers Export subsidies Binding quota Absolute quotas VER Tariff-rate quotas Zero quota Buy local rules Tariff barriers non-ta
12、riff barriers specific duties quota protective tariff market failure infant industry licensing system Revenue tariff government procurement trade protectionism Ad Valorem Duties floor price buy local rules raise domestic demand 国内含量 进口环节壁垒 出口补贴 绑定配额 绝对配额 自愿出口限制关税配额 零配额 本地采购原则 II 1. Protectionism mea
13、ns the deliberate use or encouragement of restrictions on imports to enable relatively inefficient domestic producers to compete successfully with foreign producers. 保护主义是指蓄意使用或鼓励进口限制，以此使本国相对效率低的产品能成功地和外国产品竞争。. 2. If the Russians release their stocks of fin into the world market, the price of the me
14、tal will sink through the floor. 一旦俄罗斯人将其持有的锡矿股票投放于国际市场之中，那么该市场中金属的价格会跌破最低限价。 3. Protective tariff means a duty or tax imposed on imported products for the purpose of making them more expensive in comparison to domestic producers, thereby giving the domestic products a price advantage. 保护性关税表示对进口产品征
15、收的关税，旨在让它们相比起本国商品更贵，从向使得本国商品具有价格优势。 4. Types of tariffs include ad valorem, specific, variable, or compound. In the United States, the imposition of tariffs is made on imported goods only. Tariffs raise the prices of imported goods, thus making them less competitive within the market of the importin
16、g country. After seven Rounds” of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade trade negotiations that focused heavily on tariff reductions, tariffs are less important measures of protection than they used to be. 关税的种类包括从价税，从量税，可变税与复合税。在美国，只对进口商品征税。关税抬高了进口货物的价格，从而使得它们在进口国商品市场竞争优势下降。继关税及贸易总协定七个回合主要关于降低税价的贸易协定之后，税收所起的保护作用日趋下降。 III 1. Tariff is a duty collected by customs of a government on imports and/or exports. 2. A revenue tariff can be some of the
