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1、四六级考试常考重点语法：定语从句一、定语从句的概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。例如： 1) The man who lives next to us is a fool.2) You must buy me the house which is near Xiangshan.上面两句中的 the man 和 the house 是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。二、关系词（连接词）1、关系代词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词：that, which, who (宾格 whom, 所有格 whose) 和关系副词 where, when,
2、 why。关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时还做定语从句的一个成分。 关系代词 例句指物 1. A plane is a machine that can fly.2. The noodle that I cooked was delicious.that指人 1. Who is the man that is reading the book over there?2. The girl that we met yesterday is Jims sister.which 指物 1. The silk which is produced in Hangzhou sells we
3、ll.2. The songs which Liu Dehua sings are very popular.who/ whom 指人 1. The foreigner who visited our class is from Canada.2. The person whom you just visited is Mr. Li.whose 指人或物的所有格 1. I like the girl whose hair is long.2. There stands my house whose windows face south.(从表中可以看出：用 that 更有通用性)2关于 tha
4、t, which 的用法注意点1）只能用 that，不用 which 作为定语从句关系代词的情况a）不定代词，如 anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little 等作先行词 There is nothing that I can do.I mean the one that was bought yesterday.b）先行词有 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰This is the very book that I want to find.The last place that
5、 I visited was the hospital.c）先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时This is the first composition that he has written in English.d）先行词既有人，又有物时He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.2）不用 that, 只用 which 的情况a）引导非限定性定语从句时 whichThe tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b）介词后用 which
6、 We depend on the land from which we get our food.3关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1）先行词是表示地点名词时（country, school, room） ，而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当地点状语，一般用 where 引导定语从句。也可以用介词+which 的结构。值得注意的是 which 前的介词选择是根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。Beijing is the place in which (=where) I was born.He wants to find the place
7、 in which (=where) he lived forty years ago.2）先行词是表示时间名词时（year, month, day, night ） ，而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当时间状语，一般用 when 引导定语从句。也可以用介词 +which 的结构。值得注意的是 when 前的介词选择是根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。His father died that year in which (=when) he was born.I cannot forget the first day on which (=when) my family moved into t
8、he city.3) 先行词是 the reason，而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当原因状语，一般用why 引导定语从句。也可以用 for + which 的结构。 Is this the reason for which (why) he refused our offer?但是这里要指出的是，如果介词和 Which 搭配在一起并不表示以上三种意思，则我们只能保留介词+Which 的形式。如 I know English in which I wrote the love letter.4判断关系代词与关系副词方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾
9、语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。判断改错：（ ） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（ ） This is the mountain village which I visited last year.（ ） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（ ） Ill never forget the days which I spent in the countryside.方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分
10、（主、谓、宾、定、状） ，也能正确选择出关系代词/ 关系副词。1）This is the museum _ you visited a few days ageA. where B. that C. on which D. the one2）This is the museum _ the exhibition was held.A. where B. that C. on which D. the one关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom,that, which, whose） ； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 （w
11、here 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语） 。5限定性从句和非限定性从句1） 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如： Her sister who is a nurse stands there.（限制性）Her sister, who is a nurse, stands there. (非限制性)All the Greeks who are philosophers are very clever. （限制性）All t
12、he Greeks, who are philosophers, are very clever. (非限制性)2） 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：The traffic of Beijing is quite bad, which is known to everyone.6定语从句的省略(1) 关系代词充当从句宾语我们前面说到连接词在定语从句中充当一个成分，有可能是主语、有可能是宾语，我相信大家肯定还记得，这里我们要告诉大家，当这些连接词充当的是宾语时，可以省略。例如：1. The book (that/which) w
13、e bought last year is now very popular.2. We can see the boys (who/whom/that) the teacher is talking with are quite happy.上述第一句的 book 是先行词，作后面的定语从句中 bought 的宾语，故引导词that/which 可以省略，第二句的先行词 students 作 with 的宾语，故引导词 who/that/whom 也都可以省略， (2) 关系代词充当从句主语当关系代词充当从句主语时，也可以省略，但是省略后的从句要发生形式的变化，原从句若为主动语态，后面的动词
14、结构要变成分词 ing 形式，原从句若为被动语态，后面的动词结构直接为过去动词结构。这种结构在英语语法中称为分词作定语。The novel which was given by the professor mainly discusses the development of Chinese economy.The novel given by the professor mainly discusses the development of Chinese economy.The novel which mainly discusses the development of Chinese
15、economy was given by the professor.The novel mainly discussing the development of Chinese economy was given by the professor.SP: (1) why 的先行词 reason 或可用 that 指代的名词也是定语从句的原因状语时，例如：1. That is the reason (for which/why) you dislike it.2. I wonder the reason (why/for which) he changed his mind.(2) 表示方式的先行词 way，其后的关系代词可用 that，也可省略，例如： 1. Everyone does not like the way (that) he talks.2. Do you know the way (that) the teacher treated his students.本文由至善教育资源整理小组整理，转载请注明。
