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1、Section A Grammar Focus- 4c,Objectives,To learn the words and phrases: cream, workday, pie, show up, bean, market, by the end of. To learn the usage of the past perfect tense.,Warming up,Talk about Marys morning.,By the time she got up, her brother had already gotten in the bathroom.,Grammar Focus,过
2、去完成时,(1)用法： 用来描述在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。(过去的过去) (2) 构成： 由“助动词had(用于各种人称和数) + 过去分词”构成.否定式：had not + 过去分词 缩写形式：hadnt,Language points,(3) 标志词： 表示过去某一时间发生的动作用by the time, before, when引导时间状语从句；by the end of 接短语 表示过去的过去发生的动作常与already, since+点时间，for + 段时间连用。 (4) 口诀： 有两个动作发生在过去，一个先发生， 一个后发生，先发生的用过完，后发生的用过去。
3、,过去完成时动词表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时。,他说他以前见过你。,He said that he _ (see) you before.,had seen,过去完成时的具体用法,2.过去完成时词可以表示过去某一时刻之前发 生的动作或呈现的状态，这一动作一直持续 或将继续下去。,到了六点钟为止，他们已经工作了八小时了。 By six oclock they _ (work)for eight hours. 我到广州时，他在那里很长时间了。 When I came to GZ , he _(be) there for a long time
4、.,had worked,had been,3.过去完成时和 already, just, ever, yet等 连用表示过去的过去。,他告诉我说他们队已经赢了。 He told me that his team _ already _ (win). 她说她仍没去过长城。 She said that she _(not go to) the Great Wall yet.,had,won,hadnt been to,1.一般过去时表示在过去某时发生的动作或 存在的状态。 例：We started to learn English 5 years ago. 我们五年前开始学英语。,一般过去时、现
5、在完成时与过去完成时,5 years ago,now,2. 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现 在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关。其结 构为：“助动词 have（has）+过去分词” 。 例：We have learned English for 5 years. 我们已经学了五年的英语了。,5 years ago,have learned,now,3. 过去完成时表示在过去某个时间或动作之前 已经发生或完成了的动作或存在的状态，即 “过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。 例：We had learned English for 4 years by last y
6、ear. 到去年为止，我们已经学英语四年了。,past in the past,past,now,总 结,1. 过去完成时的构成：_+_ 2. 过去完成时表示： _ _ 3. 过去完成时常于_ 等引导的时间状语连用。,had,过去分词,when, before, by the time,过去某一时刻或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。,用所给词的适当形式填空。 1.WhenIgotthere,thebus_(go). 2.BythetimeIgottoclass, theteacher _ (start)the class.,had gone,had started,3.We_(learn)ove
7、r1,000wordsby the endoflastterm. 4.I_(clean)theroombeforehe arrivedhere.,had learnt,had cleaned,1.当我到达学校的时候，我才意识到我把书包忘 在家里了。 _ I got to school, I realized that I _ _ my backpack at home. 2.到我返回学校的时候，铃声已经响过了。 _ _ _ I got back to school, the bell _ _.,When,had,left,By the time,had rung,根据汉语提示完成句子。,3.我
8、到达公共汽车站之前， 汽车已经离开了。 Before I _ _ the bus stop, the bus _ _ _. 4.我决定先买一杯咖啡，然后再去办公室。 I _ _ _ go up to my office when I decided to get a coffee first.,got to,had,already left,was about to,1. Tim went into the bathroom. Mary got up. _ _ 2. The coffee became cold. I put cream (n. 奶油) in the coffee. _ _,B
9、efore I put cream in the coffee, the coffee had become cold.,4a,Make sentences using by the time or before.,By the time Mary got up,Tim had already gone into the bathroom.,3. The teacher collected the math homework. I got to school. _ _ 4. I completed the work for my boss. The workday (n. 工作日) ended
10、. _ _,By the time I got to school, the teacher had collected the math homework.,I had completed the work for my boss before the workday ended.,5. The movie started. I arrived at the cinema. _ _ 6. My mother finished making the apple pie (n. 苹果派). I got home from my language course. _ _ _,The movie h
11、ad started before I arrived at the cinema.,By the time I got home from my language course, my mother had finished making the apple pie.,1. By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else _ already _. 2. When he put the noodles into a bowl, he realized he _ to add the green beans (n. 豆).,rush out,
12、forget, arrive at, go into, show up (赶到；露面), find out,shown up,had,had forgotten,4b,Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.,3. By the time my mother came back from the market (n. 市场), I _ already _ of the door to go for my piano lesson. 4. Before she got to the airport, sh
13、e _ about the earthquake. 5. When she _ the movie theater, she remembered she had forgotten to feed her dog. 6. Before she got a chance to say goodbye, he _ the building.,had,rushed out,arrived at,had gone into,had found out,1. By the time I left for school in the morning, _ _ _,I had already had br
14、eakfast.,I had already had supper.,I had already had my hair cut.,Write two true statements and one false statement about your day yesterday. Then ask your classmates to guess the false statement.,4c,2. By the end of the school day, _ _ _ 3. By dinner time, I_ I_ I_,I have got a present from Tom.,I
15、had had these articles read.,I had finished my homework.,had had too many apples.,had eaten plenty of meat.,have had all the housework finished.,1. When Tim get back home, he started to realize that the thief _ (come) to his house. 2. By the time I received the letter, I _ (tell) the content of it.,
16、had come,had been told,Exercises,.用括号里所给词的适当形式填空。,. 翻译下列句子。,1.当他到达学校的时候，老师已经开始上课了。 2.当我出来的时候，我爸爸已经离开家了。,By the time he got to school, the teacher had already started teaching.,When I got outside, my father had left home.,3.在我拿书包以前我把门锁上了。 4.在她做完作业之前我妈妈已经回来了。,Before I got my schoolbag, I had locked the door.,Before she finished her homework, my mother had already been back.,market burn above miss unexpected pie,1.Igotuplateand_theearlybusthismorning. 2.Themountainis1, 000meters_thesea level.,.用方框中
