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1、1 动词不定式 动名词的构成形式 动词不定式是由“ to + 动词原形”构成；动名词由动词 +ing 构成。 主动式有：一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式； 被动式有：一般式、进行式和完成式。 时 态 语态 主动被动 一般式 动词不定式to do to be done 动名词doing being done 进形式 动词不定式to be doing to be being done 动名词doing being done 完成式 动词不定式to have done to have been done 动名词having done having been done 完成进形式 动词不定式to h
2、ave been doing 动名词having been doing 动词不定式、动名词用法要点讲解 一做主语 不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： (1) 把不定式置于句首。如： 2 To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2) 用 it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式 中。如： It be名词 to do Its our duty to take good care of the old. It takes sb. + some time + to do How lon
3、g did it take you to finish the work? It be形容词 for sb.to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. It be形容词 of sb. to do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says. It seems(appears)形容词 to do It seemed impossible to save money. 在句型中，常用表示客
4、观情况的形容词，如：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等； 在句型中，常用 careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise 等表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的sb. ，可看 作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于sb. is形容词 to do 句式，如： Its kind of you to help me with my English. =You are kind to help me with
5、my English. 动名词做主语 Learning without practice is no good. 动名词做主语时，也常用It 句式。如： Its +no good(no use, fun, a pleasure, a waste of time)+doing Its no good reading in dim light. 3 Its no use sitting here waiting. Its形容词 doing Its dangerous swimming in the sea in windy days. 这样用的形容词有expensive, nice, tiring
6、等，但 important, necessary 则不适用于这种结构， 应用不定式代替，如：Its important for you to keep fit. There is no + doing There is no saying what will happen next. There is no denying that he has stolen the bike. 在这一结构中，动名词后常带宾语，相当于Its impossible to 结构。 动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别 不定式作主语经常表示具体动作，常与特定的动作执行者联系在 一起；而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动作，经常不
7、与特定的动作执行者联系在 一起。如： Its no good eating too much fat. Its no good for you to eat so much fat. 动名词结构作主语，可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语。如： Its no use your pretending that you didnt know the rules. 二、作宾语 不定式作宾语 以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语。 如： agree, ask, aim, arrange, choose, decide, demand, expect, fail, help, hope, lean, long,
8、 manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish等，这些词大部分 可接 that 引导的从句。如： I decided to ask for my money back. I decided that I would ask for my money back. 4 When our visit to the farm was over, we expected to start back on foot. When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that we
9、would start back on foot. 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式， 把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语动词it 补语 to do 句式。如： We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well. He feels it his duty to help the poor. 介词 but, except, besides + to do(do) 在这种句型中，如介词前有动词do，后面应接不带 to 的不定式；如 无 do，则接 to 不定式，即带 do 不带 to ， 带
10、to 不带 do。如： The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in. On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV. 动名词作宾语 以下动词后，只能接动名词作宾语， 如： admit, dislike, imagine, delay, consider, mind, understand, avoid, enjoy, practice, miss, finish, keep, suggest, appreciate, resist, risk, give up, insist on,
11、 put off 等。如： I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town. You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm to your health. 动名词作介词的宾语 I should go to attend the birthday celebration instead of staying at home. What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech? 动名词前的介词有时可以省略，如：have difficult
12、y (in) doing, have no trouble (in) doing, lose no time (in) doing, prevent/stop (from)doing, there is no use (in)doing等。 5 部分动词后面，既可接动词不定式，也可接动名词作宾语，意义 不变。 如：begin, continue, start, hate, like, love, prefer等。 hate, love, like接不定式表示特定的未来事件，接动名词表示目前正在进行的活动或一般 的行为。 在 need, require, want后接-ing 形式，表示被动意义
13、，也可接不 定式，但要用被动形式，如：Your handwriting needs improving (to be improved). 在下列情况下，一般要用不定式： hate, like, love 前有 would(should)时，如： Id like to have a cup of coffee. 当谓语动词 begin, continue, start等是进行式时，如： The students are starting to work on the difficult math problem. begin, continue, start与 know, understand
14、等状态动词连用 时，如： I soon began to understand what was happening. advise, allow, encourage, forbid, permit等动词后接动名词 作宾语，或带不定式作宾语补足语。如： Our teachers dont permit our swimming in the lake. Our teachers dont permit us to swim in the lake. 部分动词后接不定式或动名词时，意义差别较大，应根据句子语 境选择使用。 forget, remember, regret后接不定式，表示现在或未
15、来的动作， 接动名词表示动作已经发生。如： Dont forget to post the letter for me. Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport? Remember to close the windows before you leave. I remember writing him a letter a year ago. We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited to attend the meeting. 6 They regretted or
16、dering these books from abroad. mean to do 打算做某事 mean doing 意味着 I meant to catch up with the early bus. This means wasting a lot of money. try to do 设法尽力做某事 try doing 试着做某事 You should try to overcome your shortcomings. Try working out the physics problem in another way. stop to do 停下一件事去做另一件事（不定式作目的状语） stop doing 停止做某事 On the way to the airport, I stopped to buy a paper. Youd better stop arguing and do as you are told. cant help doing 禁不住 cant help to do 不能帮助干 They couldnt help jumping up at the
