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1、非谓语动词用法具体讲解（1）非谓语动词是英语中一个重要的语法点，也是一个难点。非谓语动词按传统语法分类，有不定式、动名词和分词。对非谓语动词在某些方面所具有的相同的语法功能作一番比较，尤其是从它们的内涵上进行区分是很有必要的。这里从他们的成分不同进行详细讲解：1.动名词和不定式都可以作主语，两者所表达的意思是一样的。例如：To see is to believe.Seeing is believing.不过，使用动名词时，通常暗示说话者曾经做过某事，有过某种体会，使用不定式时，可能仅表示说话者的看法。试比较：Going to college was difficult for me.上大学对我
2、来说是困难的。（说话者曾考过大学，固有此体会）To go to college is difficult.上大学是困难的。（说话者仅仅提出看法）2.动名词短语和不定式短语都可以 it 用作形式主语，而把真正的主语，即动名词短语和不定式短语放在后面，一般可以互换。例如：It takes half an hour for me to go from here to my home.It takes half an hour my going from here to my home.一般来说，在此类句子中用不定式作真正主语的比较多，而动名词作真正主语的请况，常见于 no good,no use(或
3、 useless),worthwhile,a waste.dangerous.等词作表语的句子中。例如：It is no good your waiting here.It is no use asking him about it.It is worthwhile learning another language.Its a waste of time arguing about it.Its dangerous playing with fire.3.动名词能在 There is no.否定结构中作主语。例如：There is no joking about such a serious
4、 matter.There is no knowing whether he will agree to our plan.在上述句型中，动名词不能带逻辑主语，也不能与不定式替换，如不能说：There is no your joking with him.或 There is no to joke with him.4.在疑问句中，句首总用动名词，而不用不定式。例如：Does our saying that mean anything to him?Is his saying true?二、作表语。1.动名词和不定式都可以作表语，正象它们作主语一样，很难说出它们之间严格的语义差别，可以互换。一
5、般而言，在表示比较抽象的一般行为，多用动名词，在表示具体某动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式。例如：Our duty is serving the people heart and soul.This is foe him to decide.His wish is to be a doctor.2.分词也可作表语，此时分词相当于形容词，因此分词不能代之以动名词或不定式。例如：The news was exciting.The time is pressing.动名词和不定式做表语时，起名词的作用。因此可以和主语换位，而分词作表语时，起形容词的作用，不能和主语换位。例如：我们能将Our du
6、ty is serving the people heart and soul.换为Serving the people heart and soul is our duty.但是我们不能把The time is pressing.换成Pressing is the time.3.主语如果是动名词，则表语也用动名词，主语如果是不定式，表语也用不定式，不能交叉。（仅指同时使用动名词或不定式作主语和表语的情况）。例如：Seeing is beliving.或 To see is to belive而不能说 Seeing is to belive. 或 To see is beliving.4.分词
7、包括现在分词和过去分词，都能作表语，但现在分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征（A），过去分词多表示主语所处的状态（B）。非谓语动词用法具体讲解(2)(A)The news is very surprising.The situation is encouraging.The food smells inviting.(B)My brother is quit interested in maths.She looked disappointed.5.动词“be过去分词”这个结构有时可能是 be 表语，有时可能是被动语态结构。这两者的主要区别是：带表语的结构表示主语的特征或所处的状态，被动语态结构
8、仅表示一个动作。例如：The library is niw closed.The library is usually closed at six.The house is surrounded with trees.The enemy was soon surranded by us.6.动词 “be现在分词”这个结构，有时可能是 be表语，有时可能是谓语动词进行体结构。这两种结构的主要区别是：带表语的结构表示主语的特征或补充说明主语的内容（A），谓语动词进行体结构仅说明主语正在进行的动作（B）。例如：(A)His hobby is collecting stamps.The earth i
9、s spinning round all the time.(B)He is collecting stamps. I was doing morning exercises at 7:00 this morning.7.值得注意的是不定式结构做表语时通常带 to ，但在主语部分具有一个动作动词 do 时，不定式也可省略 to。这个 do 可以是限定动词形式，也可以是非限定动词形式，而且不论什么时体形式都可以。例如：All I did was empty the bottle.All you do is talk about cars.All she seems to do is gossip
10、 with the neighbours.The only thing I can do now is go on by himself.What I really wanted to do was drive all night.(但 what 引导的主语从句中，如果 do 是进行体形式，则表语必须用动名词。例如：What hes dong is spoiling the whole thing.)三、作宾语。动名词和不定式均可以在一些动词后面作宾语，但有两种情况：（一）在某些动词后只能接不定式，如：wish,decide,hope,refuse,want,agree,care,choose
11、 等,或只能接动名词作宾语，如：finish,enjoy,mind,suggest,practise,keep,avoid 等，还有些动词词组，如：keep on,go on,cannot help 等。(二）在有些动词，如：begin,start,continue,attempt,intend,plan,need,want,require,desire,cannot help,leave off,hate,try,like,love,prefer,propose,mean,remember,forget,stop,go on 等后面既可以用不定式作宾语（个别例外），也可以用动名词，视具体情况
12、比较如下：1.一般说来 begin,start,continue 后面跟动名词还是不定式没有什么区别。但是 know,understand,see,realize, recognize 等表示知觉的词作宾语时，只能用不定式。例如：He began to understand the importance of combining theory with practice.He began to realize his mistakes.2.love,like,hate,prefer 后面跟动名词多表示习惯和经常性的动作，跟不定式多表示一次具体的动作。例如：I like swimming.He
13、prefers to walk rather than ride in a bus.3.在下列情况下要用不定式。(A)在 would like (love,hate,prefer)后表示一个特定的新动作，或 Would you like.?的句型时。例如：Id hate to work with him.Would you like to go with me?非谓语动词用法具体讲解(3)当谓语动词已用于进行体时。例如： Its beginning to rain.Im starting to work on my essay .We are proposing to start at eig
14、ht. 4.在 remember,forget,regre 后面跟动名词与不定式意义不同。跟动名词时，说明动名词的动作先于谓语的动作，跟不定式时，指不定式动作后于谓语动词的动作。例如：I remember posting the letter.Dont forget to remind him of this afternoons meeting.Ill remember to bring it back.I regret to say that he cant come to help you.I regretted saying this.5.在 need,want 之后，用动名词的主动形
15、式表示被动意义，或用不定式的被动态，意义并无差别，但用动名词较为普遍。例如：The radio needs repairing.或 The radio needs to be repaired.The shoes want mending. 或 The shoes want to be mended.He needs to look after.（He needs to be looked after.）*rewuire,deserve 也能这样用，但不及 need,want 普遍。例如：His letter requires answering to be answered immediat
16、ely.The little boy deserves rewarding to be rewarded.6.在 attempt,intend,plan 等动词后用不定式结构比用动名词结构多见。例如：Dont attempt to do (doing) it by yourself.She didnt intend to pay (paying) the bill this month.Mr Smith planned to take (taking) a holiday abroad.7.在 try,cannot help,propose,mean,stop,leave off,go on 后用动名词还是不定式取决于它们本身的含义和用法。试比较如下：(1)He tried to write better.He tried writing with a brush.(2)I couldnt help finishing it.I couldnt help to finish it.(3)
