非谓语动词教学设计苏丽霞

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1、非谓语动词苏丽霞 非谓语动词， 顾名思义就是不能做谓语的动词。 是我们英语语法学习中的重点， 也是难点。学好非谓语动词对于理解阅读材料中结构比较复杂的长句，对于写作得高分非常有用。主要包括：不定式， 动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词） 。其中动名词和现在分词合起来又叫做 ing 分词。下面我们先看非谓语动词的基本结构。一， 不定式 动词不定式无人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。主 动 被 动一般式 to write to be written进行式 to be writing /完成式 to have written to have been written否定式：not + (to) d

2、o1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，例如：Im glad to meet you. 2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如：He seems to be reading in his room.3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：I regretted to have told a lie.4）被动式：A, 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式的承受者时，用被动语态。She asked to be sent to work in Tibet. The book is said to have b

3、een translated into English.It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here.B，句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，尽管不定式与被修饰词是被动关系，也还要用主动语态1, Give him some books to read Do you have any clothes to wash ?“Do you have any clothes to be washed?” asked the maid. 2, S +be+easy difficult hard pleasant interesting exciting comf

4、ortable +to doThis question is easy to answer. The boy is difficult to teach.3, The house is to let The manager is to blame .4,There be 句型中，主动形式或被动形式均可但有时含意不同There is nothing to do now (we have nothing to do now )现在没事干There is nothing to be done now (we can do nothing now )现在没什么办法二， 动名词动名词无人称和数的变化,但

5、有时态和语态的变化。语 态式主动语态 被动语态一般式 doing being done完成式 having done having been done1）一般式：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。2）被动式：He came to the party without being invited. 他未被邀请就来到了晚会。3）完成式：We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。4）完成被动式：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 他

6、忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。5）否定式：not + 动名词I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词Do you mind my smoking here? 你介意我在这吸烟吗？He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。三， 分词1） 现在分词现在分词无人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化.其时态和语态的变化形式与动名词相同.现在

7、 及 物 动 词 write 不及物动词 go分词 主动语态 被动语态 主动语态一般式 writing being written going完成式 having written having been written having gone否定式：not + 现在分词1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如：They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成

8、式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。2） 过去分词过去分词无人称和数的变化,也没有时态和语态的变化。过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed 构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。再来看非谓语动词的句法功能：句子成分非谓语 主语 表语 宾语 补语 定语 状语 同位

9、语不定式 动名词 （极少） 现在分词 过去分词 从表格中可以看出， 非谓语动词可以在句子中充当除了谓语以外的很多成分，下面我们就以比较的方法了解它的各种用法。首先对比不定式和动名词。一， 作主语不定式侧重于动作的具体性和将来性。 To see is to believe. To play basketball is a great pleasure.但为使句子平衡,常用 it 代它作主语, 把它移到句子后部去.It is a great pleasure to play basketball.动名词作主语侧重于习惯性。Seeing is believing.Playing chess is f

10、un.Its no use waiting here.动名词作主语,也可用 it 作形式主语.但只限于下面句型:1） 动名词在“It is no use/ no good/ fun / a waste of time/ a good pleasure 等名词 + doing”结构中作主语，it 为形式主语。例如：It is no good writing to him; he never answers letters.It is no use talking too much.2） 动名词在“It is useless/ nice/ good/ interesting/ worthwhile

11、 等形容词 + doing”结构中作主语。例如：It is nice playing chess after supper.二， 作宾语A跟不定式作宾语的常见动词:（）hope, want , expect, wish, desire, like, love, hate, plan, intend, mean, prepare, decide, determine, afford, fail, manage, try、dare, help , promise、refuse、 learn、offer、 agree、 forget ,bother .B. 常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:tell,

12、 advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explaintell sb what to doCit 作形式宾语.make/ find it adj. to do sth.The strong wind made it difficult for me to breathe动名词作动词宾语下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, cant help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consid

13、er, imagine, keep, appreciate, escape, permit。I cant imagine marrying a girl of that sort.I recommend buying the dictionary.Will you admit having broken the window?有些动词短语后也要求跟动名词作宾语。常这样用的动词短语有：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth. devote t

14、o, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, stick to, be worth, cant stand , cant help动名词作介词宾语注意: 介词后如果需要非谓语动词作宾语,只能是动名词,不可用不定式 。Are you good at playing football?其他介词不易错,重点是介词 to .因为不定式符号也是 to ,所以一定要记住有关的短语。look forward to ,devoteto, get used to, pay attention to, stick to, on ones way to这些短语中的 to

15、 都是介词。注意下列不同动词或句型的用法：1 forget ,remember , regret +doing 动作已经发生+to do 动作未发生2 want ,need ,require + doing 表被动= to be done注：be worth doing = be worthy to be done3 try doing 试着做 try to do 尽力做，想要做4 stop doing 停止做某事， (先后是一件事).stop to do 停下来做某事 ,(先后不是同一件事)5 go on doing 继续敌某事，(先后 是同一件事 )go on to do 接下来做某事，(

16、先后不是同一件事)6 mean doing 意味着做某事mean to do 故意或想要做某事 7 cant help doing sth 抑制不住、禁不住做某事cant help (to) do sth 无帮助、无助于做某事8 prefer to do rather than do 宁愿 而不prefer doing to doing would rather do than do would do rather than do 9 have nothing to do /do nothing but/except do 只好做（别无选择）10 在 begin , start , continue 等词后可接不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语，意义区别不大.但要注意：1）本身是-ing 形式时，其后要接不定式2）如果表示主语有意识地开始做某事，多用