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1、非谓语动词学案(教师版)I.不定式（The Infinitive）定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有时态和语态的变化又有自己的宾语和状语。 一、不定式的构成 （以动词 do 为例）主动形式 被动形式一般式 to do完成式进行式 无完成进行式 无动词不定式的否定形式是由 not 或 never 加不定式构成。Try not to be late again next time. 尽量下次不要再迟到。He wished us never to meet her again.他希望我们不要再同她见面。 二、动词不定式的用
2、法：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。（一）不定式做主语：不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。e.g: To finish the building in a month is difficult. To lose heart means failure. 完成句子：To see is to believe. 眼见为实。To wait is better than to leave. 等待比离开好。注: 1) 不定式作主语时,谓语用_ 数2) 当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用 it 做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。it 做形式主
3、语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：(1) It is/was +adj.+of sb. to doIts good/kind/nice/bad/clever/wise/silly/stupid/foolish/ honest(2) It is/was +adj.+for sb.+to doIt is easy / difficult / hard / likely/probable/possible / right / wrong / unnecessary/important(3) It is +a +名词+(for) to do.It is a pity / a pleasure
4、 / a pleasant thing / ones duty / an honor / ashame / a crime / no easy job to do (4) It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience to do It requires courage / patience / hard work to do完成句子：Its kind of you to help me。你帮我是好的Its silly of the students to cheat in the examination.学生考试作弊是愚蠢的Its an honor
5、 for us to attend such an important meeting参加这样重要的会议我们对我们是一件荣誉的事。It is important for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。Its good manners to wait in line. 排队等候是很有礼貌的。 It made us very angry to hear him speak to his mother like that. 听到他那样跟他妈妈说话我们很生气。 It is very hard to finish the work in te
6、n minutes.十分钟完成这件工作是难的。It takes us two hours to fly to Paris from here.从这乘飞机到巴黎用我们连两个小时的时间。（二）不定式做表语eg My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.Your mistake was not to write that letter. 完成句子：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants children. 我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。The problem
7、 is how to get there on time.问题是怎样才能准时到达哪儿。（三）不定式作宾语以不定式结构为宾语的动词有：ask, agree, care, choose, demand, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish 等只能用动词不定式作宾语口诀（接不定式作宾语的动词）e.g. Tom refused to lend me his pen.We hope to get there before da
8、rk. 另外，不定式在某些复合宾语中作宾语时，常常用 it 代表不定式，而将真实宾语放在补足语之后。如： Do you think it better to translate it in this way? 你认为这样翻译是不是更好？I feel it my duty to serve the people heart and soul. 汉译英I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students. 我觉得被邀请在会上面对这么多学生发言是一件很光荣的事情。All of us
9、think it important to study English well.大家认为学好英语很重要。Do you consider it better not to go? 你认为不去更好吗（四）不定式做宾语补足语 如：He want you to be his assistant. I saw her cross the street. 汉译英：I would like you to help me with my English exercises. 我想请你帮我做英语练习。 I never expected the shoes to be worn out so soon. 我从来
10、没想到鞋子这么快就穿破了。 注：1. 如果谓语动词为感官动词或使役动词，在主动语态中作宾补的不式不可带 to，这些动词有三使、两听、五看、一感觉、半帮助。have, make, let, hear, listen to, watch, see, look at, observe, notice; feel, hI felt my blood run cold. What made you think like that? 但如果句子是被动语态，则 to 不可省略。He was made to clean the windows as a punishment.Someone was heard
11、 to come up the stairs.完成句子：Though he often make shis little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister. 尽管他经常弄哭他的小妹妹，但今天他却被他的小妹妹弄哭了。 He is often heard to sing the song. 经常有人听到他唱这首歌。 注:2get,等词也有 “让” “叫”的意思，和使役动词意思相近，但它后面的不定式作宾语补足语必须要有 to。如： Ill get him to try it again. 我将让他再试一次。 注: 3.
12、 allow, permit, advise, consider, forbid,等跟 doing 作宾语，跟不定式做宾语。但 refuse, agree, hope, demand 等不跟复合宾语。 （五）动词不定式做定语序数词、形容词最高级或被 only, last, next 等词修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语。 We students should have the courage to face any difficulty. 注意：不定式为不及物动词或所修饰的名词是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词。完成句子：Give me a knife to cut apples with.（削苹果）
13、Some people have no house to live in (住) especially in Beijing.The fox found a box to stand on (站在上面).Could you lend me a pen to write with(写字)This is the tool to work with (劳动).Give me a piece of paper to write on(写字).I have nothing to worry about (担心 ).如果不定式修饰 time, place, way，可以省略介词：He has no pla
14、ce to live.This is the best way to work out this problem.（六）不定式做状语不定式做状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示目的、结果、原因 等。1、 表目的 例如：To learn a foreign language well, you must try your best He came here in order to see Charlie.I turned the radio down so as not to disturb him 完成句子：In order to protect the young plants from th
15、e sun, Mother put them in the shade. 为了保护幼苗不被太阳晒坏，妈妈把它们放到了阴凉处。 He got up very early this morning so as not to be late for school again. 今天早上他起身很早以免上学再迟到。 注：1. in order to 置于句首或句中 ， so as to 只放在句中. In order to draw maps properly, you need a special pen.注：2.不定式结构表示目的时，通常句子的主语就是它的逻辑主语 e.g. He bought a
16、bicycle to go to town more quickly.判断正误：To save money, every means has been tried.To save money, he has tried every means.To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.注：3 不定式做目的状语放在句末时不用逗号，而 Ving 做目的状语放在句末时用逗号。He worked hard to enter key university.He worked hard, entering key university.2. 表结果不定式结
