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1、2335. Translation of Attributive Clauses 定语从句的翻译For the short attributives, we can often put them before the head nouns they modifies in translation, no matter they are restrictive or non-restrictive ones. It is a consolation to know that they will surely carry on the cause for which Edgar Snowstrov
2、e so faithfully all his life. （strive for sth. faithfully 为 奋斗不渝）了解到他们一定会继承爱德加斯诺终生为之奋斗不渝的事业，这是令人欣慰的。His laugh, which was very infectious, broke the silence.他富于感染力的笑声打破了沉默。For longer attributives, we can often translate them into another clause(小句) or sentence through division.They are striving for t
3、he ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.他们正在为实现一个理想而努力奋斗，这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的，在过去，许多中国人曾为此献出了自己的生命。A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat.燃料是一种物质，在适当的温度下能够燃烧并放出热量。For those sentence
4、s whose main clause is short while the attributive is long with the focus of message in it, we can usually combine the attributive clause with main one. We are a people that have inherited ancient wisdom, that know the worth of biding ones time and recognized opportunity for combat.我们的民族继承了古代的智慧，懂得如
5、何等待并善于抓住战机。 A true revolution is one that is devoted to human progress in all domains and that makes human progress the supreme and final object.真正的革命，致力于人类的全面发展，并以此作为行动的终极目标。There are some special attributive clauses which are attributives in form but equivalent of temporal, causal, adversative adv
6、erbial clauses, etc. (时间、原因、让步等状语从句)in meaning. Such clauses should be understood profoundly as to their relation to the main clause and translated flexibly as demonstrated below.They were very angry with their daughter, who insisted on marrying that ugly old man.他们非常生女儿的气，因为她坚持要嫁给那个丑陋不堪的老头儿。Her ref
7、usal to obey him greatly incensed him who had never met that kind of opposition before.她拒绝服从他，这使他大为生气，因为他从来没有遭到过那样的反对。He would be a rash man who should venture to defy world public opinion and act arbitrarily. 如果有人胆敢公然蔑视世界公众舆论而一意孤行,那他一定是个卤莽之徒。Dont you feel it strange that she should be so much ungra
8、teful to Jack, who did so much for her when she was in poverty? ungrateful：忘恩负义杰克在她困难时帮了她那么多，她却对杰克如此忘恩负义，你不觉得奇怪吗？Flexibly Translating Attributive Clauses Introduced by “as” (灵活翻译由 as 引导的定语从句)：It is absolutely wrong to think foreign languages useless, as quite a few people did before.认为外语无用是绝对错误的， 不少
9、人过去就有这种想法。 It was very cold that night, as it usually was.那天晚上寒冷刺骨，这里的天气常常这样。24Exercise of this time: Americans have a warmth and friendliness which is less superficial than many foreigners think. They are considered sentimental. When on ceremonial occasions they see a flag, or attend parades celebr
10、ating Americas glorious past, tears may come to their eyes. Reunions with family and friends tend to be emotional, too. They like to dress correctly, even if “correctly” means flamboyantly. They love to boast, though often with tongue in cheek.The Americans have a passion for grandeur. Their skyscra
11、pers, bridges and dams often have a splendor which matches in beauty and scale the countrys natural wonders.自学：汉语四字结构英译汉中的运用 3. 5. The Use of Chinese Four-character Expressions in E-C Translation 汉语四字格在英译汉中的运用 Reasons for the Profusion of Four-character Expressions in Chinese: Chinese traditional cu
12、lture favors symmetry as a kind of beauty. A demonstration/ proof of this preference is the prevalence of parallel style and antithetical sentences in Six Dynasties. Their flowery diction and the harmonious rhythms conform to the Chinese mode of thinking which stresses unity and the aesthetic psycho
13、logy which emphasizes balance and symmetry. This aesthetic ideology has been exerting subtle influences on Chinese language, resulting in the profusion of four character expressions. 中国传统文化以均衡匀称为美，六朝时文无不骈(骈文: 大量使用对仗结构的一种文风) ，句无不俪(俪句: antithetical sentences)的文风更是这种美学观点极致的体现。其华丽丰富的辞藻与优美和谐的音韵既符合中国人注重整体
14、和统一的思维模式，又切合我们讲究均衡对仗的审美心理，这种传统的审美心理对汉语有着潜移默化的影响，并突出地体现在四字格这种语言形式上。Features of Four-character Expressions:Four character expressions are balanced in structure, harmonious in sound and concise in diction. They even appear in the form of parallelism, flowing in succession with unique charm, making a pi
15、ece of writing graceful and forceful. In short, they are an important form of art which demonstrates the beauty of Chinese language. 四字格具有结构工整、音韵和谐、简洁明快等鲜明的特色。四字格还常以排比的形式出现，形成连珠四字句，读来酣畅淋漓，连绵不断，别具魅力。因此成为汉语行文中表现文字美感的重要艺术形式。The Purpose of Using Four-character Expressions:The use of four character expre
16、ssions can make our writing vivid and impressive. Their proper use in translation can add beauty to both meaning and sound of our expression, making it rhythmic and varied. Consequently, providing that the translation is faithful to the original, the use of four character phrases in translation should be advocated to give full play to the advantage of Chinese language. 四字格的运用可以使文章增添不少生花妙笔。一篇译文恰到好处地运用一些四字格，可以
