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1、1多变的省略句掌握好省略句，应注意以下几条：1.感官动词或使役动词（如：notice, hear, let, make)等后接不定式作宾补时省略 to,被动时 to 不能省略。2.在 prefer to do rather than, cannot help butdo, nothing but 等句型中常省略 to。3.为避免重复，作某些动词（hope, want)等宾语或（tell, order, ask)的宾补时，省略不定式短语，只保留 to.4.应注意状语从句、定语从句中的省略。5.注意 not ,so ,neither, nor 的“替代性”省略。6.状语从句中，如果谓语含动词 be
2、,主语又与主句主语一致或主语是 it,从句中主语和 be 一齐省略。7.常见的省略形式： （ 1） If （ it is） possible如果可能的话 ； （ 2） If (it is) necessary如果必要的话 ;（ 3） If any: 例 : Correct the mistakes in the passage if (there is) any (mistakes)比较:Do you have anything to say? (不知道对方是否有话要说,) Do you have something to say?(认为对方有话要说.)一、替代省略 1. 用 it, one,
3、 that，ones, those 替代句子中重复出现的名词、代词或句子。one 是指代同名称的另一样东西(同类异物), 代替前面句子中重复出现的可数名词 ;that 替代特指可数或不可数名词 ,后面常跟有 in 或 of 短语作后置定语;it 指代同名称的同样事物( 同类同物)。例:One took a taxi, and the other walked home. I havent a book, can you lend me one？2.So / Nor(Neither)+谓语+主语这种句型是用来替代前面提到的情况,表明它也适用于后者。例:He cant do it, nor can
4、 I，nor can you, nor can anybody. 3that 引导的宾语从句省略时，可以省略从句的一部分，用 so 或 not 代替从句。 例:Is he coming back tonight?I think so. She must be busy now.If so, she cant go with us.Is he feeling better today?Im afraid not. Do you think he will attend the meeting？I guess so.特别是在动词 appear, believe, expect, fear, hop
5、e, seem, suppose, trust, think,或词组 be afraid 后面，表示肯定时用 so,表示否定时可用 not.例： I think youll win the race; indeed we all think so.我认为你一定会赢得这场比赛，事实上我们都这样想。Im not sure she isnt coming, but I suppose. 我不能肯定她不来，但我想是这样。注意:命令句、惊叹句、部分第一人称的陈述句、部分问句和答句中省略最为常见。例:Open the door!开门! Why not? 为什么不? Why so? 为什么这样?二、结构省略
6、” (1)不定式符号 to 的省略:四看 (see watch, notice, look at),二听(hear, listen to),一感觉 (feel),以及 let, make, help,还有 have 之后的作宾补的不定式,但其被动语态中的 to 不能省略 词组 do nothing but.,cant help but.,prefer to do sth. rather than do sth., would do sth. rather than.,why not.等不定式中的 to.例: Though he had made his little sister cry, t
7、oday he was made to cry by his little sister. 注意: I. 在下面四种情形下,为了避免重复,常承前省略不定式后的内容,但要保留不定式符号 to. 作 hope, wish, like, want, expect, decide 等宾语的不定式. 作 tell, ask, want, expect, warn 等宾语补足语的不定式.在某些形容词,如: anxious, eager, willing 等后作状语的不定式.在某些结构,如:be able to, ought to 等后作复合谓语的不定式.II. 如果宾语是 be 动词或完成时态，则须在 t
8、o 之后加上 be 或 have.例：Are you a teacher? No, but I want to be. He hasnt finished the task yet. Well, he ought to have.(2)表虚拟的名词性从句中 should 的省略: 一命令 (order),二坚持(insist，persist), ,三建议(suggest, propose, advise ),四要求(command ，demand, , request, require)后的主语、宾语从句中.一个主意 (idea),一个计划(plan),一个命令(order), 三个建议 (s
9、uggest, proposal, advice)等后的表语、同位语从句中.It is necessary(important, impossible, strange, natural, a pity, no wonder) that.主语从句中. (3)虚拟条件句中,含助动词,情态动词,动词 be 或 have 等,若将它们提到句首 ,则须省略 if。(4)连词的省略: 引导宾语从句的连词 that 在口语中常常省略,或并列的宾语从句中的第一个连词 that 也能省略.例: He said (that)he had come here an hour before and that he
10、had lived in a hotel. Ill believe （that）you will succeed. Its a pity （that） hes leaving.2(5)复合句的省略 由 when/while/as/once/whenever/as soon as 引导的时间状语从句例：Please come here as soon as（ it is）possible.While （ I waswalking in the rain, I heard my name called.我在雨中漫步时，听到有人叫我的名字。由 if/unless 引导的条件状语从句例：She won
11、t come to party unless（she is）invited.由 though/although/even if/even though 引导的让步状语从句例：He is very good at painting, though（he is）very young.Though（he was）exhausted, he stayed up late. 尽管疲惫不堪，他仍很晚才睡。由 because 引导的原因状语从句 例：He was praised because （he was）brave.由 wherever/where 引导的地点状语从句例：Fill in the bla
12、nks with articles where （it is）necessary.从句和主句中相同或大体相同部分都可以省略例：The sooner, the better. 越早越好。She is as tall as I. 她和我一样高。由 as if/as though/as 引导的方式状语从句例：The boy looked as if（he was）afraid of nothing. I wonder why he didnt do as（he was）told to.当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时且谓语动词为 be，常省略从句的主语和be 动词.这样省略的条件:(1)从句中被省略的
13、主语必须与主句的主语一致,或者是 it；(2) 谓语动词必须含有be；(3)从句必须与主语和 be 动词一起省去，不可只省略主语而保留整个谓语，也不可只保留主语而省略谓语。状语从句比较状语从句：例：She likes reading better than (she likes) going to parties. He has lived here longer than I (has lived).In winter it is colder in Beijing than（it is ）in Guangzhou.省略相同的部分详解请看状语从句关系代词作宾语时可省略关系代词例： Ill g
14、ive you all（that）I have. He read the book （which）I got yesterday. 在以 the sameas/suchas 引导的定语从句中，可以省略与主句相同的部分例：direction(方向)，distance(距离) ，time(时间)，times( 倍数 ), the way(方式)等后面所接的定语从句中，可省略 that/in which/which例：I dont like the way（that/which ）she talks to me.The direction (in which) we move a body can
15、be changed.我们移动物体的方向是可以改变的。The distance (which或 that) light travels in one second is 300，000 kilometers.光每秒走的距离是 30 万公里。限定性定语从句过去分词作定语。例：Any body （who was）born in prison had to stay there and no chance of an education.详解请看定语从句If 引导的虚拟条件从句中含 had/were/should，可以把 had/were/should 提到句前，省略 if例：Had he work
16、ed hard （If he had worked hard） ，he would have got through the examinations. 如果他努力学习了，他就会通过考试。虚拟句在与 suggest/request/order/advise 等词有关的名词性从句须用虚拟语气形式“主语+should+动词原形” ，其中 should 可以省略。例：We all agree on his suggestion that we (should)work on the project at once.我们都赞成他的建议，立刻开始这个项目。否定由 nor/neither 等引导的连续否定的
