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1、后殖民主义解读暴风雨,1,Postcolonial perspective,后殖民主义解读暴风雨,2,A Brief Introduction to Postcolonialism,A more overtly political approach to interpretation gathered intensity in the 1980s, concerned with the economic, cultural, and psychological effects of imperialism and emancipation from the colonial rule. Pos
2、tcolonialism is rooted in the history of imperialism. Three phases of imperialism The boom of postcolonialism After the end of the Second World War in 1945 there occurred a large-scale process of decolonization of the territories subjugated by most of the imperial powers, beginning with the independ
3、ence of India in 1947,后殖民主义解读暴风雨,3,How is The Tempest related to postcolinialism,In 1819, Hazlitt pointed out Prospero rubbed the island of Caliban. Origin of the story Most critics thinks that the plot of The Tempest has something to do with 1609 ship wreck in Bermuda. A ship carrying English immig
4、rants to Virginia, America wrecked, leaving the immigrants in a desert island. But they finally made their way to Virginia,后殖民主义解读暴风雨,4,How is The Tempest related to postcolinialism,Shakespears social relation It was said that he had relationship with those who considered the moral and practical iss
5、ues of the American colony General background The Tempest first appeared in 1623. The 17th century marked the beginning of Englands colonialization of America,后殖民主义解读暴风雨,5,Read The Tempest from postcolonial perspective,General view by postcolonial critics Caliban-colonized Prospero-colonist Ariel-ag
6、ent of the colonist The isle-colony,后殖民主义解读暴风雨,6,Act 1, Scene 2,CALIBAN: I must eat my dinner. This islands mine, by Sycorax my mother, Which thou takst from me. When thou camst first, Thou strokst me and made much of me, wouldst give me Water with berries int, and teach me how To name the bigger li
7、ght, and how the less, That burn by day and night; and then I lovd thee, And showd thee all the qualities o th isle, The fresh springs, brine-pits, barren place and fertile. Cursd be I that did so! All the charms Of Sycorax, toads, beetles, bats, light on you! For I am all the subjects that you have
8、, Which first was mine own king; and here you sty me In this hard rock, whiles you do keep from me The rest o th island,后殖民主义解读暴风雨,7,PROSPERO: Hag-seed, hence! Fetch us in fuel. And be quick, thou rt best, To answer other business. Shrugst thou, malice? If thou neglectst, or dost unwillingly What I
9、command, Ill rack thee with old cramps, Fill all thy bones with aches, make thee roar, That beasts shall tremble at thy din. CALIBAN. No, pray thee. Aside I must obey. His art is of such powr, It would control my dams god, Setebos, And make a vassal of him. PROSPERO. So, slave; hence,后殖民主义解读暴风雨,8,An
10、alysis,1. What can we infer from Calibans words The isle was once owned by him and his mother The isle was resourceful Prospero came to the isle in a good-man disguise Prospero then owned the isle and made Caliban, who could have been the king of this isle, his slave. The process is almost the same
11、with the process of colonization. 2. What can we infer from Prosperos words He thinks hes superior to Caliban and Caliban must work for him It reflects the Eurocentric view. 3. What does Prosperos art symbolize Though Caliban hates Prospero, but he can do nothing about it but follow his orders becau
12、se “His art is of such power”. Take a look at the history of colonization, we may find Prosperos art is similar to the violent force of the colonist,后殖民主义解读暴风雨,9,Act 1, Scene 2,ARIEL.: All hail, great master! grave sir, hail! I come To answer thy best pleasure; bet to fly, To swim, to dive into the
13、fire, to ride On the curld clouds. To thy strong bidding task Ariel and all his quality,后殖民主义解读暴风雨,10,Act 1, Scene 2,ARIEL: My liberty. PROSPERO: Before the time be out? No more! ARIEL:I prithee,Remember I have done thee worthy service, Told thee no lies, made thee no mistakings, servd Without or gr
14、udge or grumblings. Thou didst promise To bate me a full year. PROSPERO: Dost thou forget From whata torment I did free thee? ARIEL: No. PROSPERO: Thou dost; and thinkst it much to tread the ooze Of the salt deep, To run upon the sharp wind of the north, To do me business in the veins o th earth Whe
15、n it is bakd with frost. ARIEL: I do not, sir. PROSPERO: Thou liest, malignant thing,后殖民主义解读暴风雨,11,Analysis,1.What can we infer from the opening words of Ariel Prospero enjoys supreme status in this isle. 2. What can we infer from the relationship between Ariel and Prospero Ariel works for Prospero because he wants to obtain liberty. While Prospero keeps reminding Ariel that “ I have saved you
