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1、Module 5The Great Sports PersonalityGrammar语法精讲探究学习复习时间、条件、让步状语从句读下面的句子, 判断出画线部分作的是什么状语从句1. If you go into a school or university anywhere, the chances are you will see students in Li Ning tracksuits with the familiar logo. (条件状语从句)2. Whenever Chinese athletes step out onto the track during the 2008
2、 Olympics, they will be wearing Li Ning tracksuits. (时间状语从句)3. Even though he had won everything it was possible to win in his sport, Li Ning retired with the feeling that he had failed. (让步状语从句)4. But Li Nings goal when he retired was not to make money. (时间状语从句)状语从句指在复合句中用作状语, 起副词作用的句子。根据其作用可分为时间、条
3、件、让步等状语从句。一、时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连词有when, while, as, after, before, since, until, till, as soon as, once, the moment, the minute, immediately, every time, the next time等。1. when 引导的时间状语从句。(1)when引导时间状语从句时, 表示“当的时候”, 从句中谓语既可用延续性动词也可用非延续性动词。(2)when还用于hardly. . . when. . . (一就)中, 这时, when从句中常用一般过去时, 主句用过去完成时
4、。当hardly位于句首时, 主句用部分倒装, 通常把助动词had放在主语的前面。*(2019全国卷)When I was in the fifth grade, I wanted to be a teacher. 当我读五年级时, 我就想当一名老师。*Hardly had we set off when it began to rain. 我们刚刚出发, 这时天开始下雨了。2. while引导时间状语从句时, 表示“当的时候”, 从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。*Study while you study; play while you play. 该学习的时候就学习, 该玩的时候就玩。3
5、. as引导时间状语从句时, 表示“当时, 一边一边”, 侧重表示主句中的动作和从句中的动作同时发生, 或者一种动作随着另一种动作的变化而变化。*He jumps as he goes along. 他边走边跳。*As he grew old, he went deaf. 随着年龄的增长, 他变聋了。4. since引导时间状语从句时, 表示“自从”, 一般情况下, 从句的谓语动词用一般过去时, 而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。*(2019全国卷)Since I was a kid, Ive considered different jobs I would like to do. 从我还是个孩
6、子的时候, 我就已经考虑我想做的不同的工作。*Its six months since we last met each other. 自从我们上次见面(到现在)已有六个月了。It is/has been +时间段+since+从句(did)自从以来已经多久了。此句型中主句谓语动词用一般现在时和现在完成时区别不大。5. before和after引导的时间状语从句。before引导时间状语从句时, 表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前; after引导时间状语从句时, 表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。*(2019江苏高考)A few months after he had arrived in C
7、hina, Mr Smith fell in love with the people and culture there. 来中国几个月后, 史密斯先生爱上了那里的人们和文化。*It was some time before we realized the truth. 过了一段时间我们才意识到真相。before常用于“It be+表示一段时间的词语+before引导的时间状语从句”中, 表示“才, 就”。it+ was+时间段+before从句(一般过去时); it + will be + before从句(一般现在时)。6. till和 until引导的时间状语从句。(1)till和 u
8、ntil这两个词作连词和介词时的意义和用法相同, 一般可以互换。放在句首时通常用until的形式, till在口语中更为常见。(2)till和 until引导时间状语从句时, 若主句是肯定形式, 这时主句的谓语是延续性动词, 表示“到为止”; 若主句是否定形式, 主句的谓语是短暂性动词, 表示“直到才”。*Walk till/until you come to a white house. 一直走到一座白房子为止。*We didnt discuss the problem until he came back. 我们一直等到他回来后才讨论这个问题。“直到”有区别till和until都表示“直到
9、为止”, 一般情况下两者通用, 但以下情况用until不用till: (1)until可用于句首, 而till通常不用于句首。(2)Not until. . . 在句首时或not until用于强调句中时不用till替换until。*Until I finished my homework, mother didnt let me out. 直到我做完家庭作业妈妈才准我出去。*Not until the war was over was Einstein able to return to his homeland. =It was not until the war was over tha
10、t Einstein was able to return to his homeland. 直到战争结束后爱因斯坦才得以回国。7. immediately, instantly, the instant, the moment/minute等引导时间状语从句时, 相当于as soon as, 表示“一就”, 指从句的动作一发生, 主句的动作随即发生。*Immediately/The moment/As soon as I saw her, I knew there was something wrong. 我一看到她, 就知道出事了。8. the first/last/next time(第
11、一/上/下次), every time(每次)等名词短语作连词, 引导时间状语从句。*(2019北京高考)So the next time you ride with him, hell check on those things. 所以下次和你一起乘车的时候, 他会核实那些事情。9. once引导的时间状语从句。once表示“一旦; 一就”, 相当于as soon as, when。*It wont be difficult once you have got used to it. 你一旦习惯了就不难了。*Once it is in danger of losing its life, i
12、t will always attempt to escape. 一旦到了危及生命的时刻, 它总能设法逃脱。【知识延伸】(1)when还可作并列连词, 意为“那时, 这时”, 常用于be about to do. . . when. . . ; be doing. . . when; had just done. . . when. . . ; be on the point of doing. . . when. . . 等结构中。*We were about to leave when he came in. =We were on the point of leaving when he
13、 came in. 我们就要离开, 就在那时他进来了。(2)while还可表示“尽管”, 引导让步状语从句; 也可作并列连词, 意为“而, 却”, 表示对比。*(2019全国卷)The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. 教练能够专注于孩子, 而其他父母则松了口气, 可以在下一个赛季摆脱困境。(3)hardly(scarcely, rarely). . . when / before, no sooner. .
14、 . than相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时, 从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时, 主句应用倒装语序。例如: *He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. =No sooner had he arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家, 就被邀请开始另一旅程。(1)(2019浙江高考)However, when she
15、 hung up, she regretted the way she had handled the call. 但是当她挂了电话, 她对她处理电话的方式后悔了。(2)(2019天津高考)My husband answered the door while I was on the phone in the dining room. 我在餐厅打电话时丈夫去开门了。(3)(2019江苏高考)As soon as Christiansen saw the photos, he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera. 克里斯琴森一看到照片, 他就意识到他为什么没能发现火山口。二、条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的连词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that, in case, suppose/supposing等。1. if和unless引导的条件状语从句。if表示正面的条件, 意为“如果”; unless (=if not) 表示负面的条件, 意为“除非, 如果不”。*(2019全国卷)However,
