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1、 河北省智障学生职业教育开展问题调研 摘 要残疾人职业教育作为职业教育体系当中的一个重要组成部分，对促进社会和谐和教育公平发展有着重要意义。在河北省高达 7.23%残障率的人口当中，智力障碍成为这个弱势群体当中的主要人群。这一现象在承担着三类残疾儿童教育任务的各特殊教育学校在校生中尤为突出。因此，调查了解河北省智障学生职业教育情况，对促进残疾人职业教育发展，完成河北省特殊教育提升计划有着重要意义，不仅如此，发展智障学生职业教育的意义还在于为国家分忧，为家庭减负，通过了解省内发展情况，探寻一条适合智障学生发展的职业教育之路，让智障学生能够成为自食其力的社会劳动者。因为这一特殊性，使得发展智障学生
2、职业教育有着比普通职业教育更深的社会意义和价值。本文基于调查研究的方法，在对河北省智障学生职业教育现状及存在问题分析的基础上，从制度建设、师资培训、教师专业水平与学历层次发展、课程设置、教材建设、教学方式、场所与校外基地建设、市场开拓、组织管理与理念更新等方面给河北省智障学生职业教育发展以合理建议。以期研究成果对促进河北省智障学生职业教育发展，提高智障学生实践生活能力和生活水平，对促进社会保障体系的完整和社会家庭的健康和谐发展有着推动作用。力求在促进智障学生职业教育上能把教学与实践紧密结合，注重加强智障学生的职业测评和心理健康教育，让学生能充分认识到自己力量，从而消除自卑感和依赖性。同时努力加
3、快社会就业保障体系的建设，使智障人群尽快成为社会劳动者中的一员。论文主要分三部分：第一部分引言，论述了研究的起因，阐述了选择本课题的研究意义、目的与方法，在对国内外的相关文献资料作总结综述的基础上，从比较的角度对我国智障学生职业教育的发展中的不足及在国外相关研究中得到的启示作了概述。对研究中涉及的相关概念与问题做了说明。第二部分首先简要阐述了对河北省智障学生职业教育发展调查的过程，然后对调查当中的师资情况，学生情况，职业教育开展模式情况，课程设置与教学情况，实习基地及场所建设情况，经费保障以及毕业生走向与就业情况等方面的调查结果作了统计分析，并且还就未能开设智障学生职业教育的学校作了原因分析。
4、最后通过对河北省智障学生职业教育发展的具体情况的调查，从观念与办学功能、政策导向与管理职能、师资来源与培训形式、适合岗位与匹配性研究等方面剖析出三个较为突出的问题及成因：第一，缺乏整体规划，职业教育理念滞后办学功能得不到提升；第二，师资来源与培养、培训形式单一，教学手段落后，教材建设与基地场所设备设施落后，教育投入不足；第三智障学生职业教育社会保障体系不够完整。第三部分主要针对前述的问题和成因，为加快智障学生职业教育发展和改革，结合国外的发展经验和研究成果着重从确立发展方向，构建合理智障学生职业教育康复体系，帮助智障学生获得适当职业岗位，加大投资力度，加强课程改革和教材研发以及师资队伍建设和社
5、会就业保障体系等方面提出了建设性的意见。文章旨在对构建智障学生职业评估，岗位评定，倾向测评，能力评定，职业训练，就业指导和咨询等综合职业康复体系起到启示作用，以为政策法规的制定提供参考，为丰富职业教育基本理论和推进职业教育事业发展，最终为智障学生能尽早摆脱对社会和家庭的依赖，早日回归社会主流做出贡献。关键词：智障学生 职业教育 发展现状 河北省AbstractAs an important component of vocational education system,vocational education forpeople with disabilities plays an impo
6、rtant role in promoting social harmony and fair accessto education. The disabled in Hebei province composed mainly of people withmental retardation. It is very common in special education school for children with hearingdisability, visual disability and intellectual disabilities. Therefore, the stud
7、y of vocationaleducation for the mentally retarded students in Hebei Province plays an important role inpromoting the healthy development of vocational education for the disabled. In addition,promoting vocational education for mentally retarded students can reduce burden uponcountry and alleviate th
8、e burden of farmers. Through the detailed analysis of the education ofstudents with disabilities in Hebei, this paper attempts to find a kind of vocational educationthat suits the students with with mental retardation which help them live by their own labour.Therefore, promoting vocational education
9、 for the disabled is of great insignificance.On the basis of the survey and study on present situation and existing problems in thevocational education of students with mental retardation in Hebei Province, the author tries tooffers some reasonable suggestions on teachers training, syllabus designin
10、g, educationalreform and management. It is hoped that the research results will promote the development ofvocational education of students with mental retardation in Hebei, help them raise livingstandard, strengthen social security and promote social harmony.This thesis contains three parts.The firs
11、t part is the Introduction, which serves as an introduction to the general ideas. Itillustrates the background. methods, purposes, and significance of the study, providingfoundation for the topic of this paper.The second part firstly introduces the investigation process in the development ofvocation
12、al education for students with intellectual disabilities in Hebei Province. Secondly,we make an in-depth analyses of the ranks of teachers, students, education model, teaching,syllabus designing, place of work for training students in practical skills, budget foreducation, career move and employment
13、. Lastly, in the light of guiding principles for runninga school, the guidance of policy, the functions of management and the quality of staff, theauthor finds three problems in development of vocational education for students with mentalretardation in Hebei and reasons behind them: first, there is
14、not an overall plan and the idea ofeducation is lagging behind; second, the methods of teacher training and teaching equipmentare outdated and simplistic, and educational expenditure is insufficient; third,there is not asound social security.The third part offers constructive suggestions in accelera
15、ting the development ofvocational education for students with mental retardation, building a modernrehabilitation system, helping the students find a suitable work, increasing investment andsupport for course reform and teaching material development.In the the conclusion, the author summarizes what is advisable and what is deficient inthe study, and manages to point out challenges and directions of future study of vocationaleducation for students with mental retardation. The whole paper ends in sincere hope thatmore researchers and scholars would participate in and contribute their thought
