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1、高中英语主谓一致的用法讲解笔记一、形式一致原则即主语为单数，谓语用单数，主语为复数，谓语也用复数。以下为注意事项:1. 单数主语即使后面带有with， along with， together with， like， but，except， besides， as well as， no less than， rather than， including， in addition to 引导的短语， 谓语动词仍用单数.如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质.No one except two servants was late for the d
2、inner.除了两个仆人外， 没有一个人迟来用餐。2. 用and连接的并列主语，如果主语是同一个人，同一事，同一概念， 谓语动词用单数，这时and 后面的名词前没有冠词；否则用复数. 如:The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具.用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体， 如:bread and butter， knife and fork等作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。由and连接的两个what从句作主语时，要根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的数。What
3、he says and does do not agree。What he says and does does not concern me。3. 不定式，动名词，或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数. 如:Serving the people is my great happiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福.When well go out for an outing has been decided.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。4. 用连接的并列主语被each，every 或no修饰时，谓语动词用单数.Every boy and every girl likes to go swimmi
4、ng.每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting.没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.Each man and （each） woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。5. each of + 复数代词，谓语动词用单数；复数代词+each，谓语动词用单数.如:Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an ，尽管从意义上看是复数， 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。但more
5、+复数名词+than one做主语时， 谓语动词仍用复数. 如:Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球.More than one student was late. 不只一个学生迟到More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。7. none 做主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数，因而谓语动词要用单数. 如:None of us are （is） perfect. 人无完人。None of this worries me.这事一点不使我着急。8
6、. 名词如: trousers，scissors，clothes，goods，glasses 等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数. 如:His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现 a pair of，谓语一般用单数.如:A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。9. 形复意单名词如:news; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics， mathematics，economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night ; 以及The Unit
7、ed Nations 等作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。10. “a +名词+and a half “， “one and a half + 名词”， “the number of + 名词” 等作主语时， 谓语动词要用单数. 如:Only one and a half apples is left on the table.注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式， 如:One or two places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点。二、内容一致原则:1. 主语中有all， half， most， the rest等， 以及”分数或百分数+
8、名词”做主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如:The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行车， 今天出售。60%of the apple was eaten by little boy. 这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的苹果都是烂的。Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。2. 不定数量的词组，如:part of， a lot of ， lots of， one of， a number of ， pl
9、enty of等作主语时， 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如:A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到。A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。3. 加减乘除用单数.如:Fifteen minus five is ten . 15减去5等于10。4. 表示时间，金钱，距离，度量等的名词做主语时，尽管是复数形式， 它们做为一个单一的概念时，其谓语动词用单数.如:Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离。
10、5. （1） 通常作复数的集体名词. 包括police ， people， cattle 等， 这些集体名词通常用作复数.如:The British police have only very limited powers.（2）通常作不可数名词的集体名词. 包括equipment，furniture， clothing，luggage 等.（3）可作单数也可作复数的集体名词. 包括 audience，committee， government， family， enemy， group， party， team， public 等.如:The committee has/have decid
11、ed to dismiss him. 委员会决定解雇他。6. the +形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物，作主语时，谓语动词用复数.如:The injured were saved after the fire.7. one of +复数名词做定语从句的先行词时，定语从句中的谓语动词与复数名词一致。 the only one of +复数名词做定语从句的先行词时，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。三、就近原则就近原则即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。1. 由here， there， where 等引导的倒装句中，（有时主语不止一个时）谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如:Her
12、e comes the bus 公共汽车来了.Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 给你一支钢笔和几张纸。Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?你不在这儿的时候，你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆呢？2. 用连词or，either. or， neither.nor， not only.but also 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。如：Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about
13、it 学生和老师都不知道这事.He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔。注意: one of +复数名词+who/that/which 引导的定语从句中，定语从句的动词为复数。如：Mary is one of those people who keep pets. 玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。The only one of +复数名词+ who/that./which 引导的定语从句中，定语从句的动词应为单数。Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 玛丽是唯一一个饲养宠物的人。3. 副词或介词短语在
14、句首的倒装句中，必须认准哪是主语。如：Between the two buildings stands a monument. 两幢楼之间耸立着一块纪念碑。On the ship were over 2，200 people. More than 1，500 people lost their lives. Among those was the young woman.船上有2，2001人，1，500多人丧生，这位年轻妇女也在其中。【典型例题】例1 E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communicatio
15、n.A. is playingB. have playedC. are playingD. play分析：带有as well as 短语的名词做主语时，谓语动词与这个名词的人称和数一致，不受as well as 短语内容的影响。E-mail是单数形式，故选择A。例2 Either John or his friends _ to blame for the bad results.A. areB. isC. wasD. has been分析：eitheror.连接两个名词做主语时，其谓语动词与离它最近的名词的数和人称一致，本题中his friends 决定了谓语动词的形式，故选择A。例3 The conductor and composer _ by a crowd of people.A. are greetedB. is greetedC. greetsD. have been greeted分析：根据句意，主语部分的The conductor and composer 是指一个人即：乐队指挥兼作曲家， 所以主语的内容是单数形式，故选择B。例4 The trousers _ you well, madam.But the colour _
