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1、1 2015 高考英语语法-超级归纳 一、冠词一、冠词 冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。 I. 不定冠词的用法 1指一类人或事，相当于 a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly. 2第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。 3表示“每一”相当于 every，oneWe study eight hours a day. 4表示“相同”相当于 the sameWe are nearly of an age. 5用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事 Hello
2、, could I speak to Mr. Smith? Sorry, wrong number. There isnt_ Mr. Smith here. A. 不填B. aC. theD. one That boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷锋） 6用于固定词组中a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time 7用于 quite, rather, many, half, what, such 之后This room is rather a big one. 8用于 s
3、o(as, too, how)+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet. 9用于抽象名词具体化的名词前 success(抽象名词)a success(具体化) 成功的人或事 a failure 失败的人或事a shame 带来耻辱的人或事 a pity 可惜或遗憾的事a must 必需必备的事 a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知识 II. 定冠词的用法 1表示某一类人或物 In many places in China, _ bicycle is still _ popular means of tra
4、nsportation. A. a; theB. /; aC. the; aD. the; the 2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean 3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door? 4用于演奏乐器play the violin, play the guitar 5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach, the living, the wounded 6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”（对比上文的不定冠词用法 5） Could you tell me th
5、e way to _ Johnsons, please? Sorry, we dont have _ Johnson here in the village. A. the; theB. the; aC. /; theD. the; / 7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前He is the taller of the two children. 8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French 9用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass was invented in
6、 China. 10在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代in the 1990s(二十世纪九十年代) 11用于表示度量单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour. 2 12用于方位名词，身体部位名词He patted me on the shoulder. III. 不用冠词（又名零冠词）的用法 1专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air 2名词前有 this, my, whose, some, no, each, every 等限制 I want this book, not
7、that one. / Whose purse is this? 3季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring 4表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前Lincoln was made President of America. 5表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前He likes playing football/chess. 6与 by 连用表示交通方式的名词前 We went right round to the west coast by _ sea instead of driving across _ continent. A. th
8、e; theB.不填；theC. the; 不填D. 不填；不填 7以 and 连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night 8表示泛指的复数名词前Horses are useful animals. 二、名词和主谓一致名词和主谓一致 I. 名词的种类 专有名词普通名词 国名地名人名，团体机构名称 可数名词不可数名词 个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词 特别注意名词类别的相互转换特别注意名词类别的相互转换 个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换 例句意 义名词性质 She held some flowe
9、rs in her hand. The trees are now in flower 花儿个体名词 开花抽象名词 Youth is beautiful. He is a youth of twenty 青春抽象名词 年轻人个体名词 They have achieved remarkable success in their work. How about the Christmas evening party? I should say it was a success. 成功抽象名词 成功的事个体名词 物质名词与个体名词的相互转换物质名词与个体名词的相互转换 例句意 义名词性质 Iron
10、is a kind of metal. Please lend me your iron. 铁物质名词 熨斗个体名词 He broke a piece of glass. He broke a glass. 玻璃物质名词 玻璃杯个体名词 I bought a chicken this morning小鸡个体名词 3 Please help yourself to some chicken鸡肉物质名词 抽象名词与个体名词的转换抽象名词与个体名词的转换 具有动作意义的抽象名词加用与某 些动词（如：have 等）连 用，表示某一次短暂的动作 Id like_information about the
11、 management of your hotel,please. Well, you could have_word with the manager. He might be helpful A.some,aB.an,someC.some,someD.an,a They sent usword of the latest happenings. 消息 （抽象名词） A.aB.anC./D.the Could we haveword before you go to the meeting? 话（个体名词） A.aB.anC./D.the 类例：have a dream/a rest/a s
12、moke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a look take a walk/a bathmake an advance(进步)/make an early start(早点出发) /make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain(发出痛苦的叫声) /give a try 表示知识和时间的抽象名词转换为 普通名词时可以用来表示 其中的一部分 Many people agree that_knowledge of English is a must in_international trade today.
13、A.a, /B.the, anC.the, theD. /, the a knowledge of truth(知道实际情况) give a fuller knowledge of China(提供关于中国更为翔实的知识) have a knowledge of shorthand(有速记的知识) If there were no examination, we should have_at school. A.the happiest timeB.a more happier time C.much happiest time D.a much happier time is money.
14、A.The timeB.A timeC.TimeD.Times 抽象名词转换为普通名词可用来表 示“一次、一阵、一种”具体的行为、 事件、现象或结 果。这时名词前往往有形容词修饰 Oh, John. _you gave me! A.How a pleasant surpriseB.How pleasant surprise C.What a pleasant surpriseD. What pleasant surprise She looked upwhen I shouted. A.in a surpriseB.in the surpriseC.in surpriseD.in some s
15、urprise 其它例子：The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We have had some unpleasant surprise It is_work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it. A.so unusualB. such unusualC.such an unusualD.so an unusual II. 名词的数 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s 或-es（参看有关语法书）。英语里有些名词的 复数形式是不规则的，请看下表 规则例词 1改变
16、名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 4 2单复数相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species 3只有复数形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents 4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, cattle, staff 5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员） audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party 6复数形式表示特别含义 customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪)
