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1、特殊句式的结构 1. It结构一、强调句强调句的基本句型是“It is/was被强调的部分 that/who其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。强调句型的使用特点主要有以下几个方面：(1)被强调的是状语或状语从句时，要用 that 引导从句，而不能用 which，而且通常不能省略。(2)被强调的是人时，引导词可用 who，也可用 that。Was it you that/who let out the secret to her?是你把这个秘密泄露给她的吗？(3)被强调的不管是单数还是复数名词，主句的 be 动词都用单数 is 或 was。It was Marie Curie a
2、nd her husband who discovered radium.是居里夫人和她的丈夫发现了镭。It is the PLA men who/that are safeguarding our country day and night.是解放军战士日夜保卫着我们的祖国。(4)对 not.until 时间状语从句进行强调时，其句型是：It is/was not until.that 从句，即 not 和 until 在强调句中总是紧挨着的。注意习惯上不用 not till，而且从句不能用 when 引导。It was not until the last operation was fi
3、nished that Bethune left the battle hospital.(5)强调句的疑问形式：When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?他是什么时候决定选修这一门课程的？Why is it that he doesnt like the book?他为什么不喜欢这本书？Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?(6)强调句型与 It is/was时间when 从句：在上述句型中 it 指时间，when 引导的是时间状语从句。注意两种句型“时间”
4、表达方式的不同。It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.昨天晚上我半夜才回到家。It was midnight when I got here yesterday.昨天当我到达这儿时，已是半夜了2. but 的用法a. anything but一点儿也不She was anything but mad.b. nothing but仅仅，只She heard nothing but the wind.c. but for.除非，要不是But for your help, I wouldnt have succeed.d. cant he
5、lp but do (cant help doing) 禁不住 We cannot help but admit that the Chinese people are a great people.e. have no choice but to do 不得不She had no choice but to wait.f. notbut 不是而是I meant not he but you should pay attention to pronunciation.He failed not because he isnt clever but he didnt work hard.3. 倒
6、装句型全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：1) here, there, now, then, thus 等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用 be, come, go, lie, run。There goes the bell.Then came the chairman.Here is your letter.2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.Ahead sat an old woman.注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构
7、的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。Here he comes部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词 do, does 或 did，并将其置于主语之前。1)句首为否定或半否定的词语，如 no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until 等。Never have I seen such a performance.Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave
8、the room.当 Not until 引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。I have never seen such a performance.如 Not onlybut also, Hardly/Scarcelywhen, No sooner thanNot only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.注意：只有当 Not only but also 连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only but also 仅连接两个并列词语
9、，不可用倒装结构。Not only you but also I am fond of musicSo neither nor 表示也、也不 的句子要部分倒装。Tom can speak French. So can Jack.If you wont go, neither will IOnly in this way, can you learn English well.Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装Only when he is seriously i
10、ll, does he ever stay in bedas / though 引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前） 。注意： 1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。2) 句首是实义动词 , 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.注意:让步状语从句中，有 though，although 时，后面的主句不能有 but，但是 though 和 yet 可连用1) so that 句型中
11、的 so 位于句首时，需倒装。So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中：May you all be happy.3)在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有 were, had, should 等词，可将 if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。Were I you, I would try it again1)陈述部分的主语是 I，疑问部分要用 arent I.Im as tall as your sister， arent I?2)陈述部分的谓语是 wis
12、h，疑问部分要用 may +主语。I wish to have a word with you, may I?3)陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little 等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。The Swede made no answer, did he / she?Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?4)含有 ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用 shouldnt / oughtnt +主语。He ought to know
13、what to do, oughtnt he? / shouldnt he?5)陈述部分有 have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用 dont +主语（didnt +主语） 。We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we?6)陈述部分的谓语是 used to 时，疑问部分用 didnt +主语或 usednt +主语。He used to take pictures there, didnt he? / usednt he?7)陈述部分有 had better + v. 疑问句部分用 hadnt you?Youd bet
14、ter read it by yourself, hadnt you?8)陈述部分有 would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldnt +主语。He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he?9)陈述部分有 Youd like to +v. 疑问部分用 wouldnt +主语。Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you?10) 陈述部分有 must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。He must be a doctor, isnt he?You must have stud
15、ied English for three years, havent you? / didnt you?He must have finished it yesterday, didnt he?11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用 be +主语。What colours, arent they?What a smell, isnt it?12) 陈述部分由 neither nor, either or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词 everything, that
16、, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用 it。Everything is ready, isnt it?14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况： a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldnt he?b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?He said he wanted to visit Japan, didnt he?c. 上述部分主句谓语是 think, believe, expec
