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1、1虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示 说话人所说的 话并不是事实或者与事实相反，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。Tomorrow 如果明天天气好的 话 真实条件句If it is fine , we will go to the park.If it doesnt rain, we will go to the park.Now 现在的天气是正在下雨 非真实条件句If it were fine , I would go out to play.If it werent raining, I would go out to play.非真实条件句所表示的假设是不可能或不大可能发生或实
2、现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆用虚拟语气。一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的使用1. 由 if 引导的和时态有关的虚拟语气：虚拟情况 从句 主句 与现在事实相反 if +主语+动词过去式 主语+would/should/ could /might+动词原形与过去事实相反 if +主语+had+动词过去式 主语+would/should/ could /might+have+动词过去分词动词过去式与将来事实相反 if +主语+ should+V 主语+would/should/ could /might+动词原形were to+V1） 与现在事实相反注意： 条件从句中 be 一律用 were, 不
3、分人称。但在口 语 中或非正式场合中，第一、三人称单数也可用 was, 现代美语更是如此。形式构成：从句的谓语用动词的过去式（be 的过去式用 were），构成 If I （we, you, he, they）动词过去式的形式；主句的谓语用 would（第二、三人称）/should （第一人称）/might/could动词原形。此外，与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句句型还有： If it were not for= Were it not for要不是/ 如果没有如果我在你的位置，我的想法会不同。If I were in your place, I should think differently.
4、如果我是你的话，我不会那样 做。If I were you, I shouldnt do like that.要是我是你，我就会对他说实话 。If I were you, I should (would, could, might)tell him the truth.如果他有时间，他就会（可能）和你去。If he had time, he would (could, might) go with you.要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没有 问题了。If my brother were here, everything would be all right.22） 与过去事实相反形式构成：从句的谓语
5、用 had过去分词，构成 If I (we, you, he, they)had过去分词的形式；主句的谓语用 should（第一人称） /would（第二、三人称）/could/might have 动词过去分词。如果你仔细一点， 这个错误是可以避免的。If you had been more careful, the mistake might have been avoided.假如受过良好的教育，他就不会表 现成那样。He would never have behaved like that if he had had a good education.假如我的表不停，我就会准时 的。I
6、f my watch had not stopped, I should have been on time.如果我们迟点走的话，我们就会 错失火车了。If we had left a little later, we should / would have missed the train.要是我碰到她的话，我就已经 告诉她了。If I had met her, I would have told her. 注意：与过去事实相反的句型还有：If it had not been for= Had it not been for要不是/如果没有3） 与将来事实相反形式构成：从句的谓语用 If I
7、 (we, you, he, they) 动词过去式或 were to do 或 should do 形式，主句谓语用 should（第一人称）/would（第二、三人称）/could/ might 动词原形。如果他明天来的话，他就会知道了。If he came tomorrow, he would know it.如果她明天到那里去的话，她可能会遇到他的。If she were to go there tomorrow, she would meet him. 假如他来了， 我们对他说什么呢？If he were to come, what should we say to him.假如他看
8、见我， 就会认识我。If he should see me, he would know me.假如我们爬上山顶，我们能有一个好的 视野吗？If we climbed to the top of the mountain, should we get a good view?2.虚拟条件句的省略与倒装注意：当虚拟条件句含有 were, had, should 时，可以省略 if，而把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，即用倒装句，但动词过去式不可以与主语倒装。If we had left a little earlier, we would have caught the bu
9、s.Had we left a little earlier, we would have caught the bus.如果我们早点走，就可以赶上公共汽 车了。If I were in his place, I would try my best. Were I in his place, I would try my best. 如果我在他的位置，我会尽我所能的。如果他在，他会来帮助我们。Were he here, he would come to help us.假如你刚才在这里，你就会遇 见她。 Had you been here just now, you would have me
10、t her.假如我明天看见他，我就会告 诉他关于这一切。Should I see him tomorrow, I would tell him about it.33.混合时间虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。如果他早点出发，他现在已到家了。If he had set out earlier, he would be home now.假如我不忙，我就会来了。If I were not busy, I would have come.假如你接受了我的意见，你现 在就会好得多。You wo
11、uld be much better now if you had taken my advice.巩固练习1.I _ you a more valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money at that time. A.much have bought B. had bought C. would have bought D. would buy 2.If she could sew, she _ herself a shirt.A. had madeB. will make C. would have made D.
12、 made 3._ he come, the problem would be settled.A.Would B. ShouldC. Shall D. If 4._ he would have succeeded in the examinations.A.If he has worked hard B. If he works hardC. If he worked hard D. Had he worked hard 5.What would you do if the war _.A.would break out B. were to break out C. will break
13、out D. is broken out 4.虚拟语气在其他从句中的使用1）虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法主语从句是 Its necessary (natural, important, strange, surprising, better, a pity, no wonder) that 时 ， 谓语的虚拟形式用 （should）原形动词或 shouldhave 过去分词来表示。高中学生掌握一门外语很有必要。It is necessary that a high school student should master a foreign language.很遗憾他居然没有在。It is a
14、pity that he should be absent today.我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。It is important that we should speak politely.注意：有些过去分词可以当形容词使用，在主 语从句中要用虚 拟语气，常 见的有：desired, demanded, requested, suggested, required 等。2）虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句的用法在 suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice， insistence 等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟
15、语气。其构成是 “should动词原形”。My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it.We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Dalian for sightseeing.3)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法固定的单词或者短语：在一个坚持（insist）,两个命令（order, command）,三个建议（ suggest, advice, propose）,四个要求（ ask,demand request, require）等 动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用4“(should)动词原形”，表示建 议、要求、命令等。我建议马上动身。I suggest that we (should) set off at once.学生们坚持要多上英语课。The students insisted that they (should) have more English classes.注意： 在主语would (had) rather that 宾语从句中，从句谓语用过去式表示虚拟形式
